23、uevent/hotplug热拔插机制

 (class_device_create的目的是为了让mdev根据它注册的信息来创建设备节点)

class_device_create
  class_device_register
    class_device_add
      kobject_uevent(&class_dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
        kobject_uevent_env(kobj, action, NULL);

          // action_string = "add";action_string在这里被赋值
          action_string = action_to_string(action);//kobject_uevent函数的第二个参数就是action

          /* 分配保存环境变量的内存 */
          /* environment values */
          buffer = kmalloc(BUFFER_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);

          /* 设置环境变量 */
          envp [i++] = scratch;
          scratch += sprintf(scratch, "ACTION=%s", action_string) + 1;
          envp [i++] = scratch;
          scratch += sprintf (scratch, "DEVPATH=%s", devpath) + 1;
          envp [i++] = scratch;
          scratch += sprintf(scratch, "SUBSYSTEM=%s", subsystem) + 1;

          /* 调用应用程序: 比如mdev */
          /* 启动脚本 echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
          * 设置了uevent_helper为“/sbin/mdev“
          */
          argv [0] = uevent_helper; // = "/sbin/mdev",通过在这里加打印可以看到argv参数和环境变量的值,如下面100ask开头的这行
          argv [1] = (char *)subsystem;
          argv [2] = NULL;
          call_usermodehelper (argv[0], argv, envp, 0);//调用应用程序argv[0],并传入envp环境变量

分析: busybox源码中 mdev.c文件

100ask: uevent_helper = /sbin/mdev
envp[0] = HOME=/
envp[1] = PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
envp[2] = ACTION=add
envp[3] = DEVPATH=/class/sixth_drv/buttons
envp[4] = SUBSYSTEM=sixth_drv
envp[5] = SEQNUM=720
envp[6] = MAJOR=252
envp[7] = MINOR=0

mdev_main
  temp = /sys/class/sixth_drv/buttons
  make_device(temp, 0);
    /* 确定设备文件名,类型,主次设备号 */
    device_name = bb_basename(path); = "buttons"


    'c' == > 字符设备节点

    type = path[5]=='c'?S_IFCHR:S_IFBLK;//path=/sys/class/sixth_drv/buttons
    

    根据"/sys/class/sixth_drv/buttons/dev"的内容确定主次设备号(class下面都是字符设备)
    (sscanf(temp,"%d:%d",&major,&minor))


    mknod(device_name, mode | type, makedev(major, minor)

在/etc/init.d/rcS(启动脚本)中有一句

echo  /sbin/mdev  >  /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug

这句设置了设置了uevent_helper为“/sbin/mdev

mdev的主函数在运行的时候,如果有/etc/mdev.conf这个文件就会根据文件里的内容做某些事情

我接上U盘,想自动挂载,怎么办?(查看内核中mdev.txt文档)
mdev.conf的格式:
<device regex> <uid>:<gid> <octal permissions> [<@|$|*> <command>]

device regex:正则表达式,表示哪一个设备
uid: owner
gid: 组ID
octal permissions:以八进制表示的属性
@:创建设备节点之后执行命令
$:删除设备节点之前执行命令
*: 创建设备节点之后 和 删除设备节点之前 执行命令
command:要执行的命令

写mdev.conf
1.
leds 0:0 777(表示在有leds设备节点的时候设置组属性是777,默认的属性是660)
led1 0:0 777
led2 0:0 777
led3 0:0 777

2.
leds?[123]? 0:0 777

3.
leds?[123]? 0:0 777 @ echo create /dev/$MDEV > /dev/console

4.
leds?[123]? 0:0 777 * if [ $ACTION = "add" ]; then echo create /dev/$MDEV > /dev/console; else echo remove /dev/$MDEV > /dev/console; fi

($MDEV表示执行命令时的设备节点)

5.
leds?[123]? 0:0 777 * /bin/add_remove_led.sh

把命令写入一个脚本:(chmod +x /bin/add_remove_led.sh表示给脚本加上可执行权限)
add_remove_led.sh

#!/bin/sh
if [ $ACTION = "add" ];
then
echo create /dev/$MDEV > /dev/console;
else
echo remove /dev/$MDEV > /dev/console;
fi

6. U盘自动加载
sda[1-9]+ 0:0 777 * if [ $ACTION = "add" ]; then mount /dev/$MDEV /mnt; else umount /mnt; fi

7.
sda[1-9]+ 0:0 777 * /bin/add_remove_udisk.sh

add_remove_udisk.sh
#!/bin/sh
if [ $ACTION = "add" ];
then
mount /dev/$MDEV /mnt;
else
umount /mnt;
fi

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liusiluandzhangkun/p/8667089.html