Maven入门2-pom.xml文件与settings.xml文件

Maven入门2-pom.xml文件与settings.xml文件

  本文内容来源于官网文档部分章节,settings.xml文件:参考http://maven.apache.org/settings.html,pom.xml文件参考:http://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-pom.html

  http://maven.apache.org/pom.html;一个是POM的简单介绍,一个是详细介绍。

  下面针对几个主要的地方做介绍:

  转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/liun1994/

1、settings.xml文件

  settings.xml文件包含多个不同的标签,用来配置maven的执行,包含两个settings.xml文件,一个在${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml目录下,一个在${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml目录下;第一个称为global settings,第二个称为user settings,如果两个都存在的话,将会合并,并以user settings为主导;settings.xml文件的内容通过配置的环境变量来解释执行。下面是settings.xml文件的一个预览:

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
                          https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
      <localRepository/>
      <interactiveMode/>
      <usePluginRegistry/>
      <offline/>
      <pluginGroups/>
      <servers/>
      <mirrors/>
      <proxies/>
      <profiles/>
      <activeProfiles/>
</settings>
转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/liun1994/

  1)简单值配置:

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
                      https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
  <localRepository>${user.home}/.m2/repository</localRepository><!-- 系统本地仓库地址 -->
  <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode><!-- 是否允许与用户的输入进行互动,默认true -->
  <usePluginRegistry>false</usePluginRegistry><!-- 是否允许使用${user.home}/.m2/plugin-registry.xml文件管理插件的版本,默认为false -->
  <offline>false</offline><!-- 是否允许在离线模式运行,这在无法与远程仓库连接时很有用 -->
  ...
</settings>

  2)插件组:

    pluginGroup可以有好多个,默认包括org.apache.maven.plugins和org.codehaus.mojo。

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
                      https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
  ...
  <pluginGroups>
    <pluginGroup>org.mortbay.jetty</pluginGroup>
  </pluginGroups>
  ...
</settings>

配置插件之后可以在命令行使用:mvn jerry:run

  3)servers配置

    下载和部署的仓库,由POM文件的repositories和distributionManagement标签定义,然而某些设置却不能在这个文件下设置;比如username,password等,这些信息在服务器的settings.xml文件中配置。

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
                      https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
  ...
  <servers>
    <server>
      <id>server001</id><!-- 与mirror/repository的id匹配 -->
      <username>my_login</username>
      <password>my_password</password>
      <privateKey>${user.home}/.ssh/id_dsa</privateKey>
      <passphrase>some_passphrase</passphrase>
      <filePermissions>664</filePermissions>
      <directoryPermissions>775</directoryPermissions>
      <configuration></configuration>
    </server>
  </servers>
  ...
</settings>

  4)mirrors

    更多关于mirrors的配置可参考此处:http://maven.apache.org/guides/mini/guide-mirror-settings.html

    如果是国内的网,可能会遇到无法访问的问题,这时可换成国内的mirror。

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
                      https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
  ...
  <mirrors>
    <mirror>
      <id>planetmirror.com</id> <!-- 当连接此mirror时使用server的配置 -->
      <name>PlanetMirror Australia</name>
      <url>http://downloads.planetmirror.com/pub/maven2</url>
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
    </mirror>
  </mirrors>
  ...
</settings>

  其他的一些配置,可去官网链接查询!

2、pom.xml文件

  1)简单介绍

  POM文件是Project Object Model的简称,它包含了使用Maven进行项目管理的详细信息,它包含许多默认的值,比如编译路径默认为:target;源码路径src/main/java;测试路径:src/test/java。

  所有的pom.xml文件都继承Super POM,Super POM是Maven默认的Pom,下面是内嵌POM的一个预览,版本为3.0.4:

  默认POM配置了一些路径,插件,默认打包方式为jar。转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/liun1994/

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
      <layout>default</layout>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
 
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
      <layout>default</layout>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
 
  <build>
    <directory>${project.basedir}/target</directory>
    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
    <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>
    <testOutputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
    <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
    <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <directory>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources</directory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>
    <pluginManagement>
      <!-- NOTE: These plugins will be removed from future versions of the super POM -->
      <!-- They are kept for the moment as they are very unlikely to conflict with lifecycle mappings (MNG-4453) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.0</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
 
  <reporting>
    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/site</outputDirectory>
  </reporting>
 
  <profiles>
    <!-- NOTE: The release profile will be removed from future versions of the super POM -->
    <profile>
      <id>release-profile</id>
 
      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>performRelease</name>
          <value>true</value>
        </property>
      </activation>
 
      <build>
        <plugins>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>attach-sources</id>
                <goals>
                  <goal>jar</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>attach-javadocs</id>
                <goals>
                  <goal>jar</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
              <updateReleaseInfo>true</updateReleaseInfo>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
      </build>
    </profile>
  </profiles>
 
</project>
View Code

  最小化配置:

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
  <version>1</version>
</project>

  如果使用最小化配置,没有指定repositories,那么将会使用Super POM的配置下载库及插件,即http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2。

  几个例子:Maven中有继承和聚合的概念,对应两个标签:parent, module。

Example1:
目录结构:
. |-- my-module | `-- pom.xml `-- pom.xml
配置:
<project> <parent> <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId> <artifactId>my-app</artifactId> <version>1</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>my-module</artifactId> </project>

Example2:
目录结构: . |-- my-module | `-- pom.xml `-- parent `-- pom.xml
配置:
<project> <parent> <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId> <artifactId>my-app</artifactId> <version>1</version> <relativePath>../parent/pom.xml</relativePath> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>my-module</artifactId> </project>

 聚合:

 <project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
  <version>1</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>

  <modules>
    <module>my-module</module>
  </modules>
 </project>

  详情参考:http://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-pom.html

  2)标签预览

    共分四类,下面介绍几个比较重要的;

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                      http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <!-- The Basics -->
  <groupId>...</groupId>
  <artifactId>...</artifactId>
  <version>...</version>
  <packaging>...</packaging>
  <dependencies>...</dependencies>
  <parent>...</parent>
  <dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement>
  <modules>...</modules>
  <properties>...</properties>
 
  <!-- Build Settings -->
  <build>...</build>
  <reporting>...</reporting>
 
  <!-- More Project Information -->
  <name>...</name>
  <description>...</description>
  <url>...</url>
  <inceptionYear>...</inceptionYear>
  <licenses>...</licenses>
  <organization>...</organization>
  <developers>...</developers>
  <contributors>...</contributors>
 
  <!-- Environment Settings -->
  <issueManagement>...</issueManagement>
  <ciManagement>...</ciManagement>
  <mailingLists>...</mailingLists>
  <scm>...</scm>
  <prerequisites>...</prerequisites>
  <repositories>...</repositories>
  <pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories>
  <distributionManagement>...</distributionManagement>
  <profiles>...</profiles>
</project>

  在POM文件中,repositories标签配置去哪下载依赖库及插件,但是如果在settings.xml配置了mirror的话,就会去mirror地址下载,相当于拦截器;

  Maven仓库分两类:

  repository里存放的都是各种jar包和maven插件。当向仓库请求插件或依赖的时候,会先检查local repository,如果local repository有则直接返回,否则会向remote repository请求,并缓存到local repository。

  mirror相当于一个拦截器,它会拦截maven对remote repository的相关请求,把请求里的remote repository地址,重定向到mirror里配置的地址。

  <mirrorOf></mirrorOf>标签里面放置的是要被镜像的Repository ID。为了满足一些复杂的需求,Maven还支持更高级的镜像配置: 

3、小结

  下面是我学习Maven时的步骤,同时也适用于其他技术:

  1)搜索相关博客、资料,了解一下概念性的知识;

  2)安装与简单配置,阅读官方文档中感兴趣的部分;

  3)对于不理解的部分,搜索相关的资料,搞明白;

  4)暂时告一段落,下次用到时如果出错,一方面从官方文档找配置,另一方面搜索质量高的博客借鉴。

       转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/liun1994/

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liun1994/p/7181982.html