nmap典型用法
[root@node01 ~]# nmap 192.168.1.220 Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 13:08 CST Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.220 Host is up (0.00012s latency). Not shown: 999 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh MAC Address: 00:0C:29:C5:19:99 (VMware) Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.10 seconds
由输出可知，192.168.1.220主机处于UP状态，并且主机开放了22端口，同时还侦测到端口对应的服务，最后还给出了目标主机网卡的MAC地址。
了解目标主机的更多信息。
[root@node01 ~]# nmap -T4 -A -v 192.168.1.220 Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 13:12 CST NSE: Loaded 110 scripts for scanning. NSE: Script Pre-scanning. Initiating ARP Ping Scan at 13:12 Scanning 192.168.1.220 [1 port] Completed ARP Ping Scan at 13:12, 0.00s elapsed (1 total hosts) Initiating Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 13:12 Completed Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 13:12, 0.01s elapsed Initiating SYN Stealth Scan at 13:12 Scanning 192.168.1.220 [1000 ports] Discovered open port 22/tcp on 192.168.1.220 Completed SYN Stealth Scan at 13:12, 0.05s elapsed (1000 total ports) Initiating Service scan at 13:12 Scanning 1 service on 192.168.1.220 Completed Service scan at 13:12, 0.04s elapsed (1 service on 1 host) Initiating OS detection (try #1) against 192.168.1.220 Retrying OS detection (try #2) against 192.168.1.220 Retrying OS detection (try #3) against 192.168.1.220 Retrying OS detection (try #4) against 192.168.1.220 Retrying OS detection (try #5) against 192.168.1.220 NSE: Script scanning 192.168.1.220. Initiating NSE at 13:13 Completed NSE at 13:13, 0.08s elapsed Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.220 Host is up (0.00089s latency). Not shown: 999 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0) | ssh-hostkey: 2048 e5:a6:1b:ba:13:4e:84:7e:21:2e:4f:23:f6:0e:a8:80 (RSA) |_256 6c:e7:fe:f6:b4:a6:b1:e4:04:47:fc:6b:e6:51:55:8b (ECDSA) MAC Address: 00:0C:29:C5:19:99 (VMware) No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ). TCP/IP fingerprint: OS:SCAN(V=6.40%E=4%D=3/21%OT=22%CT=1%CU=33000%PV=Y%DS=1%DC=D%G=Y%M=000C29%T OS:M=5E75A260%P=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=106%GCD=1%ISR=10E%TI=Z%TS=A) OS:OPS(O1=M5B4ST11NW7%O2=M5B4ST11NW7%O3=M5B4NNT11NW7%O4=M5B4ST11NW7%O5=M5B4 OS:ST11NW7%O6=M5B4ST11)WIN(W1=7120%W2=7120%W3=7120%W4=7120%W5=7120%W6=7120) OS:ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=7210%O=M5B4NNSNW7%CC=Y%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+% OS:F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T OS:5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A= OS:Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF OS:=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40 OS:%CD=S) Uptime guess: 0.004 days (since Sat Mar 21 13:07:06 2020) Network Distance: 1 hop TCP Sequence Prediction: Difficulty=262 (Good luck!) IP ID Sequence Generation: All zeros TRACEROUTE HOP RTT ADDRESS 1 0.89 ms 192.168.1.220 NSE: Script Post-scanning. Initiating NSE at 13:13 Completed NSE at 13:13, 0.00s elapsed Read data files from: /usr/bin/../share/nmap OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.57 seconds Raw packets sent: 1111 (52.918KB) | Rcvd: 1072 (46.334KB)
-A：用于开启全面扫描，
-T4：指定扫描过程中使用的时序的模板，总共有6个等级（0~5），等级越高扫描速度越快，但也越容易被防火墙或者入侵检测设备发现并屏蔽，推荐使用-T4。
-v：显示扫描细节。
第一部分是对主机是否在线的扫描
Host is up (0.00068s latency).
第二部分是对端口进行扫描，在默认情况下nmap会扫描1000个最有可能会开放的端口，因为只扫描到22号端口是开放的，所以在输出中会显示
Not shown: 999 closed ports
第三部分是对端口上运行的服务以及版本号进行统计
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4 (protocol 2.0) | ssh-hostkey: 2048 e5:a6:1b:ba:13:4e:84:7e:21:2e:4f:23:f6:0e:a8:80 (RSA) |_256 6c:e7:fe:f6:b4:a6:b1:e4:04:47:fc:6b:e6:51:55:8b (ECDSA)
第四部分是对操作系统类型和版本进行探测。
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).
第五部分是对目标主机路由跟踪信息。
TRACEROUTE HOP RTT ADDRESS 1 0.75 ms 192.168.1.220
nmap主机发现方法
| 选项 | |
| -sn | 只进行主机发现扫描，不进行端口扫描 |
| -Pn | 路过主机发现扫描，将所有指定的主机都视为在线状态，进行端口扫描 |
| -sL | 仅仅列出指定主机的IP地址，不进行主机发现扫描 |
| -PS/PA/PU/PY[printlist] | 指定nmap使用TCP SYN、TCP ACK、UDP、SCTP方式进行主机发现，例如：nmap -PS80,21 |
| -PE/PP/PM | 指定nmap使用ICMP echo、timestamp、netmask请求报文发现主机。 |
| -PO | 使用ip协议包探测目标主机是否在线， |
| -n/-R | 指定是否使用DNS解析，其中-n表示不进行dns解析，-R表示总是进行DNS解析 |
比较常用的是-sn和-Pn，
[root@node01 ~]# nmap -sn -PE -PS22,80 -PU53 www.baidu.com Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 13:47 CST Nmap scan report for www.baidu.com (39.156.66.14) Host is up (0.019s latency). Other addresses for www.baidu.com (not scanned): 39.156.66.18 Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 6.59 seconds
nmap端口扫描
侦测到的端口状态分为6种状态。
端口扫描的用法
[root@node01 ~]# nmap -sS -sU -F www.baidu.com Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 14:09 CST Nmap scan report for www.baidu.com (39.156.66.18) Host is up (0.013s latency). Other addresses for www.baidu.com (not scanned): 39.156.66.14 Not shown: 100 open|filtered ports, 98 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE 80/tcp open http 443/tcp open https Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 10.13 seconds
-sS：使用TCP SYN扫描TCP端口 -sU：扫描UDP端口 -F：表示使用快速扫描方式，扫描最有可能开放的前100个端口，（TCP、UDP各一百个端口）
nmap版本侦测
[root@node01 ~]# nmap -sV www.baidu.com Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 14:15 CST Nmap scan report for www.baidu.com (39.156.66.18) Host is up (0.016s latency). Other addresses for www.baidu.com (not scanned): 39.156.66.14 Not shown: 998 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 80/tcp open http-proxy sslstrip 443/tcp open ssl/http-proxy sslstrip Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 27.15 seconds
nmap操作系统侦测
[root@node01 ~]# nmap -O --osscan-guess 192.168.1.220 Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2020-03-21 14:18 CST Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.220 Host is up (0.00078s latency). Not shown: 999 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh MAC Address: 00:0C:29:C5:19:99 (VMware) Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 2.6.32 - 3.9 (96%), Netgear DG834G WAP or Western Digital WD TV media player (96%), Linux 2.6.32 (95%), Linux 3.1 (95%), Linux 3.2 (95%), AXIS 210A or 211 Network Camera (Linux 2.6) (94%), Linux 2.6.32 - 2.6.35 (94%), Linux 2.6.32 - 3.2 (94%), Linux 3.0 - 3.9 (93%), Linux 2.6.32 - 3.6 (93%) No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ). TCP/IP fingerprint: OS:SCAN(V=6.40%E=4%D=3/21%OT=22%CT=1%CU=44396%PV=Y%DS=1%DC=D%G=Y%M=000C29%T OS:M=5E75B1D5%P=x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=104%GCD=1%ISR=10D%TI=Z%II=I% OS:TS=A)SEQ(SP=104%GCD=1%ISR=10D%TI=Z%TS=A)OPS(O1=M5B4ST11NW7%O2=M5B4ST11NW OS:7%O3=M5B4NNT11NW7%O4=M5B4ST11NW7%O5=M5B4ST11NW7%O6=M5B4ST11)WIN(W1=7120% OS:W2=7120%W3=7120%W4=7120%W5=7120%W6=7120)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=7210%O=M5B4N OS:NSNW7%CC=Y%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R= OS:Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=A OS:R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=4 OS:0%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID= OS:G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD=S) Network Distance: 1 hop OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.21 seconds