linux系统中将一列数据转换为指定的行

1、按行排列

[root@centos7 test]# cat a.txt
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
[root@centos7 test]# cat a.txt | xargs -n 4
01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
[root@centos7 test]# cat a.txt
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
[root@centos7 test]# awk '{if(NR % 4 == 0) {print $0} else {printf("%s ", $0)}}' a.txt
01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
[root@centos7 test]# cat a.txt
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
[root@centos7 test]# awk '{if(NR % 4 != 0) ORS = " "; else ORS = "\n"; print}' a.txt
01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20

2、按列排列

[root@centos7 test]# cat a.txt
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
[root@centos7 test]# cat a.txt | xargs -n 5 > tmp
[root@centos7 test]# cat tmp
01 02 03 04 05
06 07 08 09 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
[root@centos7 test]# for i in `seq $(head -n 1 tmp|awk '{print NF}')`; do cut -d " " -f $i tmp | tr "\n" " "| sed '$ s/$/\n/' >> b.txt; done
[root@centos7 test]# cat b.txt
01 06 11 16
02 07 12 17
03 08 13 18
04 09 14 19
05 10 15 20
[root@centos7 test]# cat a.txt
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
[root@centos7 test]# awk '{if(NR % 5 == 0) {print $0} else {printf("%s ", $0)}}' a.txt > tmp
[root@centos7 test]# cat tmp
01 02 03 04 05
06 07 08 09 10
11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20
[root@centos7 test]# for i in `seq $(head -n 1 tmp | awk '{print NF}')`; do awk -v a=$i '{print $a}' tmp | awk BEGIN{RS=EOF}'{gsub("\n"," ");print}' >> c.txt;done
[root@centos7 test]# cat c.txt
01 06 11 16
02 07 12 17
03 08 13 18
04 09 14 19
05 10 15 20
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liujiaxin2018/p/14663910.html