新东方推荐文章：Food and Health
The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things in the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.
食品与健康
我们所吃的食物似乎对我们的健康有深远的影响。 尽管科学上已取得许多进展，使食物更适合我们食用，但与此同时它也使许多食物不宜食用了。 一些研究已经表明，人类大概有80%的疾病与饮食有关，40%的癌症，特别是结肠癌，也与饮食有关。 不同的文化会使人们更易患某些疾病，这是由这些文化的人们喜好的食物所致。 食物与疾病有关并不是新发现。 1945年，政府部门的科研工作者了解到，被广泛用于肉类以保持肉类色泽的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他的添加剂可诱发癌症。 可是这些致癌物质依然存在于我们的食物之中。 与此同时，要想知道加工食品标签上的哪些成分对健康有利，哪些成分对健康不利，变得更加困难了。 我们吃到的这些添加物并非都是如此直接的。 农民常给牛和家禽注射青霉素，因而在受过注射的牛所产牛奶里发现青霉素。 有时让家禽服用这类药物并非是为了治病，而是为了经济上的缘故。 农民们只是想使家畜长得更肥壮可以上市场上卖到好价钱。 虽然食物和药品管理局已一再设法控制这种情况的发生，但是这种行为仍在继续。
Fast Food Vs. Home-Made FoodThese days,
most people prefer fast food rather than home-made food. People are alike in
needing food in order to survive, but they differ in choosing the kind of food
they're having. Fast food and home-made food have considerable dissimilarities
in preparation time, convenience, and quality.
Nowadays, fast food attracts people more than home-made food does. It's known
as the food that you don't have to prepare. Fast food is more common because
people are always busy, and in a hurry, so they head towards fast food
restaurants to save their time. For example, if a worker works for a long time
and doesn't have enough time to cook a meal, (he/she) will definitely consume a
fast food meal. Fast food is also common because it's convenient and people can
find fast food restaurants in all places. Most fast food restaurants are
generally bad for people's health, because bad quality of ingredients is used.
For instance, most of the fast food restaurants consume the cheapest kind of
chicken, which may be a potential risk to people's health.
On the other hand, home-made food has less attraction than fast food. A reason for
this is that home-made food needs lots of time until it gets ready. For
instance, people should wait for several hours in order to have a ready
home-made meal. Another reason is that home-made food is less convenient than
fast food. For example, you may not find all the ingredients you need in one
grocery, yet you have to look in several groceries until you find all the
ingredients. Home-made food is much healthier than fast food, and therefore,
people will enjoy eating their meals without thinking of health problems.
In conclusion, both fast food and home-made food have significant divergence in
preparation time, convenience and quality. Fast food might be better in saving
time and being more convenient, while home-made food might be better in
quality. I do believe that home-made food is much better than fast food,
because people's health is above...
chinese food culture
Famous for its abundance and exquisite, Chinese food culture has occupied an
important part in the nation's tradition cultures. China is of long history
with a vast territory. Due to the diversity of the climate, products and
customs, there are widely different food styles and taste in local regions.
Through creation by past dynasties, the long standing cooking art has formed
rich and colorful local dishes. Among them, "the eight major dishes"
enjoys the upper reputation, which consists of Shangdong, Chekiang, Sichuan,
Jiangshu, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian and Anhwei.
Shandong dishes are divided into two factions as Tsinan and Jiaodong dishes.
They are good at clear dishes, pure but not greasy. Sichuan dishes have enjoyed
the fame that every dish has its own characteristic and none two share the same
taste. They are also famous for pocked, peppery and savor taste. Chengdu and
Chongqing dishes are two mail branches.
Jiangsu dishes lay stress on the original taste with proper sweetness and
salty. They consist of Yangzhou, Suzhou and Nanking branches. Chekiang dishes
are both delicious and sweet smelling, both soft and slide, clean and not
greasy. They consist of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Shaoxing branches. Guangdong
dishes have Guangzhou, Chaozhou and Dongjiang three styles of dishes. They are
good at choice seafood and pay more attention to the cooking skills. They act
carefully at light food with tender and slide taste, from which they earn the
praise of " It has a best taste in only in Guangzhou." Hunan dishes
consist of Xiangjian, Dongting Lake and Xiangxi coteau three local dishes.
Their tastes lay stress on thick, arid and peppery food, mostly using seasoning
like hot peppery, shallot and capsicum. Minghou, Fuzhou Ximen and Quanzhou
dishes are the representatives of Fujian dishes. They use choice seafood as the
main material with elaborately cooks beautiful color and delicious taste of oil.
They are good at frying, gliding, decocting and pay attention to the dishes'
sweetness, salty, and the appearance. The most distinct features are their
"pickled taste". Anhwui dishes pay more attention to the taste, color
of dishes and the temperature to cook them. They are expert in cooking
delicacies from mountains and sea. In addition to the eight major dishes, there
are Beijing dishes, shanghai dishes, Hubei dishes, liangning dishes, Henan
dishes which also enjoy great reputation. What's more, the steamed dishes and
vegetable dishes have their own charms. Actually, Chinese dishes have earned
world's fame. The Chinese eateries could be found everywhere throughout the
world. Many foreigners regard having a Chinese meal as a high honor.
**
"You are what
you eat." Nutrition experts often use this saying to promote better eating
habits. What we put in our mouths does become a part of us. But we can look at
this statement another way. What we eat reflects who we are--as people and as a
culture. Do you want to understand another culture? Then you ought to find out
about its food. Learning about American food can give us a real taste of
American culture.
"你吃什么就成为什么样子"营养专家经常使用这句话来倡导更好的饮食习惯，入嘴的东西确实成为我们的一部分．但我们也可以从另一个角度来看这句话，我们所吃的反映出我们自己－－不论就人或文化而言．你想了解另一种文化吗？那么你应该去认识他们的食物．认识美国食物可以让我们得知美国文化的精髓。
What is "American food"? At first you might
think the answer is easy as pie. To many people, American food means
hamburgers, hot dogs, fried chicken and pizza. If you have a "sweet
tooth," you might even think of apple pie or chocolate chip cookies. It's
true that Americans do eat those things. But are those the only kind of vittles
you can find in America?
何谓「美式食物」？乍听之下你可能认为答案容易得很。对许多人而言，美式食物就是汉堡、热狗、炸鸡和披萨。如果你是好吃甜食的人，你可能会想到苹果派或巧克力片饼干。美国人确实吃这些东西，但这些就是你在美国唯一找得到的食物吗？
Except for Thanksgiving turkey, it's hard to find a
typically "American" food. The United States is a land of immigrants.
So Americans eat food from many different countries. When people move to
America, they bring their cooking styles with them. That's why you can find
almost every kind of ethnic food in America. In some cases, Americans have
adopted foods from other countries as favorites. Americans love Italian pizza,
Mexican tacos and Chinese eggrolls. But the American version doesn't taste
quite like the original!
除了感恩节火鸡以外，挺难找到典型的美国食物。美国是个移民之地，所以美国人吃的食物来自许多不同的国家，当人们移居美国，他们也将自己的烹调带了进来。那也就是为什么在美国你几乎可以看到所有不同民族的食物。在某些情况中，美国人把外国的食物视为最爱。美国人喜爱意大利的披萨，墨西哥的玉米饼和中国的春卷，但是这些东西的美国版味道却不很道地！
As with any large country, the U.S.A has several
distinct regions. Each region boastsits own special style of food. Visit the
South and enjoy country-style cooking. Journey through Louisiana for some spicy
Cajun cuisine. Take a trip to New England and sample savory seafood dishes.
Travel through the Midwest, "the breadbasket of the nation," for
delicious baked goods. Cruise over to the Southwest and try some tasty Tex-Mex
treats. Finish your food tour in the Pacific Northwest with some gourmet
coffee.
和许多大国一样，美国有数个截然不同的地区，每个地区都以自己特有的食物夸口。走访美国南部享受乡村式的烹调；到路易斯安纳州品尝辛辣的凯郡式料理；走一趟新英格兰试尝它美味的海鲜；再到中西部「美国的面包之乡」品尝可口的烘培食品；乘船游览至西南部尝试一些好吃的墨式德州小吃，最后到太平洋西北岸，啜饮美食家的咖啡，作为美食之旅的句点。
Americans living at a fast pace often just "grab
a quick bite." Fast food restaurants offer people on the run everything
from fried chicken to fried rice. Microwave dinners and instant foods make
cooking at home a snap. Of course, one of the most common quick American meals
is a sandwich. If it can fit between two slices of bread, Americans probably
make a sandwich out of it. Peanut butter and jelly is an all-time American
favorite.
生活在快速步调之下的美国人通常只能「很快地吃几口」。快餐店提供赶时间的人各种食物，从炸鸡到炒饭，应有尽有。微波炉晚餐和实时餐点使得在家烧饭省事又快速。当然，最平常的美式速餐之一就是三明治。任何能夹在两片土司中间的东西，美国人就可以把它作成一份三明治，花生酱和果酱更是一直都深受美国人的喜爱。
Americans on the go also tend to eat a lot of
"junk food." Potato chips, candy bars, soft drinks and other goodies
are popular treats. Many people eat too many of these unhealthy snacks. But
others opt for more healthy eating habits. Some even go "all
natural." They refuse to eat any food prepared with chemicals or
additives.
忙碌的美国人也趋向于吃一大堆「垃圾食物」。洋芋片、糖果、汽水和其它好吃的东西都颇受欢迎。许多人吃了太多这类不健康的零嘴，但是其它人则选择较健康的饮食习惯，有些人甚至选择「全天然」的食物，他们拒绝吃任何有化学制品或添加物的食物。
American culture is a good illustration of the saying
"you are what you eat." Americans represent a wide range of
backgrounds and ways of thinking. The variety of foods enjoyed in the U.S.
reflects the diversity of personal tastes. The food may be international or
regional. Sometimes it's fast, and sometimes it's not so fast. It might be junk
food, or maybe it's natural food. In any case, the style is all-American.
美国文化是「你吃什么就成为什么样子」这句话的好写照。美国人代表了范围广泛的背景和想法。在美国可享受到的各式食物正反映出个人品味的多样化。这食物可能是国际性也可能是地区性的；有时是快餐，有时也不见得；它可能是垃圾食物，也可能是天然食品。然而无论如何，它们都是美式的。
British Food Festival 英国食品节
The script of this programme 本节目台词
The great British fry-up, one of this country's national dishes.
Feifei: 大家好，欢迎收听《都市掠影》。我是冯菲菲。
Alice: And I'm Alice.
Feifei: And this week Alice, you've been out at a food festival.
Alice: Yes I have. Over the last two weeks St Pancras International train station in London has been hosting the British Food Fortnight.
Feifei: 伦敦的圣.潘克拉斯火车站里面正在举办一个为期两周的英国食品节。Hosting 举办。I take it that is two weeks filled with food?!
Alice: Yes! The event is part of the national British Food Festival and featured a range of traditional British dishes, served at restaurants and food stalls. So I went down to the station to find out more. First I spoke to Sam Kidby who helped organise the event.
Feifei: 请听下面这段话，注意听单词 extravaganza 盛事，还有看你能否听得出来今年的英国食品节上都有哪些 master classes 鉴赏品尝大师班。
Insert
Sam Kidby: So for the next couple of weeks we are going to have sort of a whole sort of extravaganza of different types of foodie fortnight kind of activities – we're going to have sort of oyster and champagne master classes, charcuterie master classes... Basically all the retailers are here and doing master classes in the middle of the station in the middle of rush hour.
Feifei: 这次英国食品节可算得上是与美食有关活动的 extravaganza 盛事。
Alice: He said there were going to be oyster, champagne and charcuterie master classes.
Feifei: Oyster 牡蛎，champagne 香槟还有 charcuterie 熟食的 master classes 大师班。这些大师班会给大家介绍如何烹饪、鉴赏和享用美食与好酒。
All the retailers are doing master classes in the middle of rush hour.
Sam Kidby
Alice: And all of these master classes are held in the middle of the station throughout the day and at rush hour.
Feifei: Rush hour 上班人流高峰期。So people can just watch a master class or pick up some food on the way to the train?
Alice: Yes! Actually some people just come down to the station for the food, and don't get on a train. Here's Sam Kidby again.
Feifei: 在听下面这段话中，注意听单词 entice 诱惑，还有短语 passing through 通过、经过。
Insert
Sam Kidby: As a station, we've got 25% of the people who come to the station aren't coming to get on a train, they're coming just to have a look at the station, go to one of our restaurants and this was something we thought, you know, could entice more people down and also make them enjoy it and have a nice time when they're passing through the station.
Feifei: Sam 说这个活动会 entice 诱惑更多的人到车站里面来看看，而且还可以给通过车站里面的每个人一个享受美食的机会。咱们再来听一次。
Insert
Sam Kidby: And this was something we thought, you know, could entice more people down and also make them enjoy it and have a nice time when they're passing through the station.
Alice: So this festival was about British food but can you guess what was found to be British people's favourite dish?
25% of the people who come to the station aren't coming to get on a train.
Sam Kidby
Feifei: Mmm, maybe something traditional like a Sunday dinner.
Alice: No, this year was pizza! So what's your favourite food Feifei?
Feifei: Well, it has to be Chinese food! What about you, Alice?
Alice: Oh in terms of Chinese food I like 麻婆豆腐。
Feifei: Oh it's really nice, isn't it?
Alice: It's delicious! And in fact there were lots of other dishes people talked about at the event. Here are some people who told me what their favourite food is.
Feifei: 我们一起来听听参加这次英国食品节的人们最喜欢的食品都有哪些？
Insert
Probably have to go for Roast Beef and Yorkshire puddings I suppose.
I love seafood. I'm more of a sushi fan, because it's always fresh, you get lots of different flavours and so forth.
I'd probably have to say something like fish pie - quite classic British dishes.
We're Indonesian so we love Indonesian food of course, but in particular I love Chinese food.
Feifei: I'm glad to hear the last speaker said they loved Chinese food!
Alice: Yes! Other favourite dishes were sushi and some traditional British dishes - fish pie, roast beef and Yorkshire pudding.
Feifei: What is Yorkshire pudding?
Alice: Yorkshire pudding is not sweet like other puddings in Britain; it's made out of batter, a mix of milk, flour and egg and is usually served as part of a traditional Sunday dinner.
I love seafood. I'm more of a sushi fan, because it's always fresh, you get lots of different flavours and so forth.
Someone at the British Food Festival
Feifei: Yorkshire pudding 约克郡布丁是由面糊做成的圆形布丁，通常和传统英式周日烧烤一起食用。
Alice: Well all this talk of food is making me hungry, but before we go let's recap on some of the vocabulary we've learnt today.
Feifei: 今年的食品节被形容为食品活动的 extravaganza 盛事。
参加组织这次活动的 Sam 说食品节可以 entice 诱惑过往 passing through 车站的人们停下脚步，品尝美食。
还能记住今年食品节上都有哪些鉴赏品尝大师班吗？Oyster 牡蛎，champagne 香槟还有 charcuterie 熟食。Master classes 大师班是今年食品节的一个亮点，大家不但有机会学习如何鉴赏这些食品，还有机会看到大师的 demonstrations 厨艺展示，当然也少不了品尝 tastings 这些美食。
Alice: I hope you've enjoyed hearing about the British Food Fortnight and there are a lot more On the Town programmes on our website, that’s www.bbcukchina.com. Bye!
Feifei: Bye!
Tastes of Britain 英国传统风味
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A Charity Looks at Regional British Food 一个慈善机构调查英国各地的风味食品
If you really want to get to know England, you should use your tongue to do more than just speak English. You should educate your palate on the tastes of the local food too. That is what the British conservation charity the National Trust thinks - and it is putting its money where its mouth is.
The Trust employed a panel of taste experts to identify what flavours typify each region in the UK. They tried food and drink from many areas, making sure to smell, touch and look at the food as well as savour the taste.
A delicious cream tea
After tasting apple chutney, beef, ice cream and potatoes grown in Cornwall, they said that the primary flavours of southwest England have overtones of cream and honey that are present even in the meat courses. Probably the most famous of these dishes is the Cornish pasty, a traditional miners' lunch of beef and potato wrapped in pastry. It is as popular as cream tea, where the beverage is served with scones, jam and clotted cream.
According to the experts, the flavours that represent the Midlands are gamey. The panel tasted the local pale ale and spring lamb, among other things.
But the Trust is concerned that regional foods risk becoming extinct because the nation is losing the ability to taste complex and varied flavours.
The Director-General of the National Trust, Fiona Reynolds, says: "Taste is something we're losing, because too many of our meals are packed with additives and flavourings. And because many of us don't see food production for ourselves, we're losing contact with where food comes from and its distinctive taste."
The National Trust's research is the latest initiative in a growing movement to reconnect British people with their traditional foods. The trend has seen the revival of farmers' markets and the multiplication of TV programmes about gastronomy.
Reynolds suggests that people should buy local food in season or grow their own fruit and vegetables. The National Trust seeks to serve local produce in the restaurants and tearooms that it maintains close to historic houses and ancient monuments around Britain.
The Trust also publishes advice on its website to people who want to "rescue their taste buds". This includes buying fresh produce and enjoying the aroma of food before eating it. The site also advises readers to ditch the salt and pepper and try food without any form of seasoning.
Glossary 词汇表 (收听发音, 请单击英语单词)
* palate 味觉
* to put one's money where one's mouth is把钱用在刀刃上
* to savour something 品味
* chutney印度酸辣酱
* overtones of …的意味、感觉
* pastry油酥皮
* beverage饮料
* clotted cream高浓度奶油
* gamey野味的
* pale ale麦啤
* spring lamb春季羊羔肉
* to be packed with additives用了太多的添加剂
* see something for oneself亲身体验
* distinctive特有的
* gastronomy烹饪法
* in season当季
* taste buds味蕾
* aroma芳香
* to ditch something不使用
* seasoning调料