NAME top basename, dirname - parse pathname components SYNOPSIS top #include <libgen.h> char *dirname(char *path); char *basename(char *path); DESCRIPTION top Warning: there are two different functions basename() - see below. 注意：这里有两个不同的函数都叫做basename()-请看下面 The functions dirname() and basename() break a null-terminated pathname string into directory and filename components. In the usual case, dirname() returns the string up to, but not including, the final '/', and basename() returns the component following the final '/'. Trailing '/' characters are not counted as part of the pathname. 函数dirname()和basename()把一个NULL结尾的路径字符串分割成目录和文件名两部分。 通常，dirname()函数返回从开始到最后一个'/'字符，但不包括它的字符串， basename()函数返回跟在最后一个'/'字符之后的字符串，最后的'/'不当做是文件名的一部分。 If path does not contain a slash, dirname() returns the string "." while basename() returns a copy of path. If path is the string "/", then both dirname() and basename() return the string "/". If path is a null pointer or points to an empty string, then both dirname() and basename() return the string ".". 如果路径没有包含一个斜线，dirname()函数会返回字符串"."，而basename()会直接返回这个路径。 如果路径是字符串"/"， Concatenating the string returned by dirname(), a "/", and the string returned by basename() yields a complete pathname. Both dirname() and basename() may modify the contents of path, so it may be desirable to pass a copy when calling one of these functions. These functions may return pointers to statically allocated memory which may be overwritten by subsequent calls. Alternatively, they may return a pointer to some part of path, so that the string referred to by path should not be modified or freed until the pointer returned by the function is no longer required. The following list of examples (taken from SUSv2) shows the strings returned by dirname() and basename() for different paths: path dirname basename /usr/lib /usr lib /usr/ / usr usr . usr / / / . . . .. . .. RETURN VALUE top Both dirname() and basename() return pointers to null-terminated strings. (Do not pass these pointers to free(3).) ATTRIBUTES top For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7). ┌──────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐ │Interface │ Attribute │ Value │ ├──────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤ │basename(), dirname() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │ └──────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘ CONFORMING TO top POSIX.1-2001. NOTES top There are two different versions of basename() - the POSIX version described above, and the GNU version, which one gets after #define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */ #include <string.h> The GNU version never modifies its argument, and returns the empty string when path has a trailing slash, and in particular also when it is "/". There is no GNU version of dirname(). With glibc, one gets the POSIX version of basename() when <libgen.h> is included, and the GNU version otherwise. BUGS top In the glibc implementation of the POSIX versions of these functions they modify their argument, and segfault when called with a static string like "/usr/". Before glibc 2.2.1, the glibc version of dirname() did not correctly handle pathnames with trailing '/' characters, and generated a segfault if given a NULL argument. EXAMPLE top char *dirc, *basec, *bname, *dname; char *path = "/etc/passwd"; dirc = strdup(path); basec = strdup(path); dname = dirname(dirc); bname = basename(basec); printf("dirname=%s, basename=%s ", dname, bname); SEE ALSO top basename(1), dirname(1) COLOPHON top This page is part of release 3.82 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/. GNU 2015-03-02 BASENAME(3)
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