Leetcode-First Missing Positive

Given an unsorted integer array, find the first missing positive integer.

For example,
Given [1,2,0] return 3,
and [3,4,-1,1] return 2.

Your algorithm should run in O(n) time and uses constant space.

Analysis:

The idea is to use the array itself as a table. We try put a value i on the place i-1. If the value i is out of range, i.e., <=0 || >n, then ignore it. At each position i, we check whether the A[i] is a value needed to be placed on its own position, if yes, we swap it; then we check the new A[i] again. We repeat this procedure until A[i] is a value that is out of range or the right place of value A[i] is already placed a value of A[i] (Duplicate situation), we then move the i+1 position.

Solution:

public class Solution {
    public int firstMissingPositive(int[] A) { 
        int len = A.length;
        if (len==0) return 1;

        for (int i=0;i<len;i++)
            if (A[i]!=i+1){
                int val = A[i];
                while (true){
                    if (val<=0 || val>len) break;
                    if (A[val-1]==val) break;
                    swap(A,val-1,i);
                    val = A[i];
                }
            }
        
        int res = len+1;
        for (int i=0;i<len;i++)
            if (A[i]!=i+1){
                res = i+1;
                break;
            }

        return res;
    }

    public void swap(int[] A, int i, int j){
        int temp = A[i];
        A[i]=A[j];
        A[j] = temp;
    }
}