Python之开发自动化管理工具paramiko

一、paramiko模块使用

1）远程执行主机命令获取结果

方法一

import paramiko

# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.12.217', port=22, username='root', password='123456')

# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ls /root')
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
print(result.decode('utf-8'))
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()

方法二

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.12.217', 22))
transport.connect(username='root', password='123456')

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
res=stdout.read()
print(res.decode('utf-8'))

transport.close()

 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())     意义在于，ssh 第一次连接没有连接过的主机，可以跳过会弹出的yes,并且在 /root/.ssh/known_hosts里面添加主机信息

 2）基于公钥连接，制作密钥连接服务器群,

服务端必须有文件名：authorized_keys(在用ssh-keygen时，必须制作一个authorized_keys,可以用ssh-copy-id来制作)

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/tmp/id_rsa')

# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='120.92.84.249', port=22, username='root', pkey=private_key)

# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
print(result.decode('utf-8'))
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()

  3）上传下载文件，强调是文件

import paramiko
 
transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.12.55',22))
transport.connect(username='root',password='xxx')
 
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/id_rsa', '/etc/test.rsa')
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
 
transport.close()

基于公钥上传下载

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/tmp/id_rsa')

transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.12.55', 22))
transport.connect(username='root', pkey=private_key )

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/id_rsa', '/tmp/a.txt')
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

原文连接：http://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/articles/6817679.html#_label5

二、paramiko模块源码分析

 1）下载源码

git clone https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko.git
或下载zip文件

 2）执行脚本

[root@jenkens demos]# pwd
/root/paramiko-master/paramiko-master/demos
[root@jenkens demos]# python3 demo.py

 3）修改  interactive.py 文件

# Copyright (C) 2003-2007  Robey Pointer <robeypointer@gmail.com>
#
# This file is part of paramiko.
#
# Paramiko is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
# terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# Paramiko is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
# details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with Paramiko; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA.


import socket
import sys
import time          # 新增内容
from paramiko.py3compat import u

# windows does not have termios...
try:
    import termios
    import tty

    has_termios = True
except ImportError:
    has_termios = False


def interactive_shell(chan):
    if has_termios:
        posix_shell(chan)
    else:
        windows_shell(chan)


def posix_shell(chan):
    import select

    oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
    try:
        tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
        tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
        chan.settimeout(0.0)

        cmd = []  # 增加的内容
        f = open('ssh_test.log','w')        # 新增内容
        while True:
            r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])
            if chan in r:
                try:
                    x = u(chan.recv(1024))
                    if len(x) == 0:
                        sys.stdout.write("
*** EOF
")
                        break
                    sys.stdout.write(x)
                    sys.stdout.flush()
                except socket.timeout:
                    pass
            if sys.stdin in r:
                x = sys.stdin.read(1)
                if len(x) == 0:
                    break
                if x =='
':            # 新增内容
                    print('input>',''.join(cmd))  # 新增内容
                    log = "%s  %s
" %(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X",time.gmtime()),''.join(cmd))          # 新增内容
                    f.write(log)     # 新增内容
                    cmd = []             # 新增内容
                else:                   # 新增内容
                    cmd.append(x)            # 新增内容
                chan.send(x)

    finally:
        termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
        f.close()    # 新增内容


# thanks to Mike Looijmans for this code
def windows_shell(chan):
    import threading

    sys.stdout.write(
        "Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.

"
    )

    def writeall(sock):
        while True:
            data = sock.recv(256)
            if not data:
                sys.stdout.write("
*** EOF ***

")
                sys.stdout.flush()
                break
            sys.stdout.write(data)
            sys.stdout.flush()

    writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
    writer.start()

    try:
        while True:
            d = sys.stdin.read(1)
            if not d:
                break
            chan.send(d)
    except EOFError:
        # user hit ^Z or F6
        pass

 4）查看执行效果，获取到实时的日志记录

 5）分析，用到的文件为

demo.py                 执行入口文件
interactive.py         实时输入命令的交互文件

二）实现Django后台传值实时交互

1）调用程序 ssh_connect函数

调用ssh_connect连接，self指传送的对象，封装了ip，端口，用户名，密码
from backend import paramiko_ssh 
paramiko_ssh.ssh_connect(self, selected_host_to_user_obj )

2）paramiko_ssh文件代码编写，即ssh_connect入口文件

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Copyright (C) 2003-2007  Robey Pointer <robeypointer@gmail.com>
#
# This file is part of paramiko.
#
# Paramiko is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
# terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# Paramiko is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
# details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with Paramiko; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA.


import base64
from binascii import hexlify
import getpass
import os
import select
import socket
import sys
import time
import traceback
from paramiko.py3compat import input

import paramiko
try:
    import interactive
except ImportError:
    from . import interactive


def manual_auth(t,hostname,username, password):
    default_auth = 'p'
    #auth = input('Auth by (p)assword, (r)sa key, or (d)ss key? [%s] ' % default_auth)
    # if len(auth) == 0:
    #     auth = default_auth
    auth = default_auth
    if auth == 'r':
        default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
        path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)
        if len(path) == 0:
            path = default_path
        try:
            key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)
        except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:
            password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ')
            key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)
        t.auth_publickey(username, key)
    elif auth == 'd':
        default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_dsa')
        path = input('DSS key [%s]: ' % default_path)
        if len(path) == 0:
            path = default_path
        try:
            key = paramiko.DSSKey.from_private_key_file(path)
        except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:
            password = getpass.getpass('DSS key password: ')
            key = paramiko.DSSKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)
        t.auth_publickey(username, key)
    else:
        #pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname))
        t.auth_password(username, password)


def ssh_connect(ssh_handler_instance,host_to_user_obj):
    hostname = host_to_user_obj.host.ip_addr
    port = host_to_user_obj.host.port
    username = host_to_user_obj.remote_user.username
    password = host_to_user_obj.remote_user.password

    # now connect
    try:
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        sock.connect((hostname, port))
    except Exception as e:
        print('*** Connect failed: ' + str(e))
        traceback.print_exc()
        sys.exit(1)

    try:
        t = paramiko.Transport(sock)
        try:
            t.start_client()
        except paramiko.SSHException:
            print('*** SSH negotiation failed.')
            sys.exit(1)

        try:
            keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/known_hosts'))
        except IOError:
            try:
                keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~/ssh/known_hosts'))
            except IOError:
                print('*** Unable to open host keys file')
                keys = {}

        # check server's host key -- this is important.
        key = t.get_remote_server_key()
        if hostname not in keys:
            print('*** WARNING: Unknown host key!')
        elif key.get_name() not in keys[hostname]:
            print('*** WARNING: Unknown host key!')
        elif keys[hostname][key.get_name()] != key:
            print('*** WARNING: Host key has changed!!!')
            sys.exit(1)
        else:
            print('*** Host key OK.')


        if not t.is_authenticated():
            manual_auth(t,hostname,username, password)
        if not t.is_authenticated():
            print('*** Authentication failed. :(')
            t.close()
            sys.exit(1)

        chan = t.open_session()
        chan.get_pty()
        chan.invoke_shell()

        chan.crazyeye_account = ssh_handler_instance.user
        chan.host_to_user_obj = host_to_user_obj
        chan.models = ssh_handler_instance.models
        print('*** Here we go!
')
        ssh_handler_instance.models.AuditLog.objects.create(
            user = ssh_handler_instance.user ,
            log_type = 0 ,
            host_to_remote_user = host_to_user_obj,
            content = "***user login***"
        )

        interactive.interactive_shell(chan)
        chan.close()
        t.close()

        ssh_handler_instance.models.AuditLog.objects.create(
            user=ssh_handler_instance.user,
            log_type=2,
            host_to_remote_user=host_to_user_obj,
            content="***user logout***"
        )

    except Exception as e:
        print('*** Caught exception: ' + str(e.__class__) + ': ' + str(e))
        traceback.print_exc()
        try:
            t.close()
        except:
            pass
        sys.exit(1)

3）与命令交互接口

# Copyright (C) 2003-2007  Robey Pointer <robeypointer@gmail.com>
#
# This file is part of paramiko.
#
# Paramiko is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
# terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free
# Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# Paramiko is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more
# details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# along with Paramiko; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA.


import socket
import sys
import time 
from paramiko.py3compat import u

# windows does not have termios...
try:
    import termios
    import tty
    has_termios = True
except ImportError:
    has_termios = False


def interactive_shell(chan):
    if has_termios:
        posix_shell(chan)
    else:
        windows_shell(chan)


def posix_shell(chan):
    import select
    
    oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
    try:
        tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
        tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
        chan.settimeout(0.0)
        cmd = [] 
        #f = open('ssh_test.log','w')
        while True:
            r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])
            if chan in r:
                try:
                    x = u(chan.recv(1024))
                    if len(x) == 0:
                        sys.stdout.write('
*** EOF
')
                        break
                    sys.stdout.write(x)
                    sys.stdout.flush()
                except socket.timeout:
                    pass
            if sys.stdin in r:
                x = sys.stdin.read(1)
                if len(x) == 0:
                    break
                if x == '
':
                    print('input>',''.join(cmd))
                    #log = "%s   %s
" %(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X", time.gmtime()), ''.join(cmd))
                    #print(log)
                    chan.models.AuditLog.objects.create(
                        user=chan.crazyeye_account,
                        log_type=1,
                        host_to_remote_user=chan.host_to_user_obj,
                        content=''.join(cmd)
                    )
                    #f.write(log)
                    cmd = []
                else:
                    cmd.append(x)
                chan.send(x)

    finally:
        termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
        #f.close()
    
# thanks to Mike Looijmans for this code
def windows_shell(chan):

    print("window chan",chan.host_to_user_obj)
    print("window chan",chan.crazyeye_account)
    import threading

    sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.

")
        
    def writeall(sock):
        while True:
            data = sock.recv(256)
            if not data:
                sys.stdout.write('
*** EOF ***

')
                sys.stdout.flush()
                break
            sys.stdout.write(data)
            sys.stdout.flush()
        
    writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
    writer.start()
        
    try:
        while True:
            d = sys.stdin.read(1)
            if not d:
                break
            chan.send(d)
    except EOFError:
        # user hit ^Z or F6
        pass

三、修改上面的代码，方便个人扩展，不使用表结构

1）修改ssh_connect文件

#!/usr/bin/env python
import getpass
import os
import socket
import sys
import traceback
from paramiko.py3compat import input
import paramiko

try:
    import interactive
except ImportError:
    from . import interactive


def manual_auth(t, hostname, username, password):
    default_auth = 'p'
    auth = default_auth
    if auth == 'r':
        default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
        path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)
        if len(path) == 0:
            path = default_path
        try:
            key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)
        except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:
            password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ')
            key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)
        t.auth_publickey(username, key)
    elif auth == 'd':
        default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_dsa')
        path = input('DSS key [%s]: ' % default_path)
        if len(path) == 0:
            path = default_path
        try:
            key = paramiko.DSSKey.from_private_key_file(path)
        except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:
            password = getpass.getpass('DSS key password: ')
            key = paramiko.DSSKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)
        t.auth_publickey(username, key)
    else:
        t.auth_password(username, password)


def ssh_connect(hostname, port, username, password):
    hostname = hostname
    port = port
    username = username
    password = password

    try:
        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        sock.connect((hostname, port))
    except Exception as e:
        print('*** Connect failed: ' + str(e))
        traceback.print_exc()
        sys.exit(1)

    try:
        t = paramiko.Transport(sock)
        try:
            t.start_client()
        except paramiko.SSHException:
            print('*** SSH negotiation failed.')
            sys.exit(1)

        try:
            keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/known_hosts'))
        except IOError:
            try:
                keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~/ssh/known_hosts'))
            except IOError:
                print('*** Unable to open host keys file')
                keys = {}

        key = t.get_remote_server_key()
        if hostname not in keys:
            print('*** WARNING: Unknown host key!')
        elif key.get_name() not in keys[hostname]:
            print('*** WARNING: Unknown host key!')
        elif keys[hostname][key.get_name()] != key:
            print('*** WARNING: Host key has changed!!!')
            sys.exit(1)
        else:
            print('*** Host key OK.')

        if not t.is_authenticated():
            manual_auth(t, hostname, username, password)
        if not t.is_authenticated():
            print('*** Authentication failed. :(')
            t.close()
            sys.exit(1)

        chan = t.open_session()
        chan.get_pty()
        chan.invoke_shell()

        # 获取到登录时的用户信息
        print('*** Here we go!
')
        # 创建登录时的用户信息，时间等，写入表

        print('登录成功')

        interactive.interactive_shell(chan)
        chan.close()
        t.close()

        # 创建退出时的用户信息，时间等，写入表
        print('退出成功')

    except Exception as e:
        print('*** Caught exception: ' + str(e.__class__) + ': ' + str(e))
        traceback.print_exc()
        try:
            t.close()
        except:
            pass
        sys.exit(1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    hostname = '192.168.10.13'
    port = 22
    username = 'root'
    password = '123456'
    ssh_connect(hostname, port, username, password)

2）修改命令交互接口

import socket
import sys
import time 
from paramiko.py3compat import u

try:
    import termios
    import tty
    has_termios = True
except ImportError:
    has_termios = False


def interactive_shell(chan):
    if has_termios:
        posix_shell(chan)
    else:
        windows_shell(chan)


def posix_shell(chan):
    import select
    
    oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
    try:
        tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
        tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
        chan.settimeout(0.0)
        cmd = [] 
        #f = open('ssh_test.log','w')   # 创建操作日志文件写入，后面也可用表
        while True:
            r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])
            if chan in r:
                try:
                    x = u(chan.recv(1024))
                    if len(x) == 0:
                        sys.stdout.write('
*** EOF
')
                        break
                    sys.stdout.write(x)
                    sys.stdout.flush()
                except socket.timeout:
                    pass
            if sys.stdin in r:
                x = sys.stdin.read(1)
                if len(x) == 0:
                    break
                if x == '
':
                    print('input>',''.join(cmd))
                    #log = "%s   %s
" %(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X", time.gmtime()), ''.join(cmd))
                    #f.write(log)
                    # 或
                    # 记录操作日志表信息
                    cmd = []
                else:
                    cmd.append(x)
                chan.send(x)

    finally:
        termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
        #f.close()
    


# windows_shell 该函数没有用
def windows_shell(chan):

    print("window chan",chan.host_to_user_obj)
    print("window chan",chan.crazyeye_account)
    import threading

    sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.

")
        
    def writeall(sock):
        while True:
            data = sock.recv(256)
            if not data:
                sys.stdout.write('
*** EOF ***

')
                sys.stdout.flush()
                break
            sys.stdout.write(data)
            sys.stdout.flush()
        
    writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
    writer.start()
        
    try:
        while True:
            d = sys.stdin.read(1)
            if not d:
                break
            chan.send(d)
    except EOFError:
        # user hit ^Z or F6
        pass

执行效果。python ssh_connnect.py

[root@jenkens tools]# python3 ssh_connnect.py 
*** Unable to open host keys file
*** WARNING: Unknown host key!
*** Here we go!

登录成功
Last login: Thu Nov  1 20:45:51 2018 from 192.168.10.13
hello centos7