hmac: hex-based message authentication code 哈希消息认证码
需要注意传入的key和message都是bytes类型，str类型需要首先编码为bytes。
# coding:utf-8
import hmac
secret_key1 = b'This is my secret key'
message1 = b'Hello world'
hex_res1 = hmac.new(secret_key1, message1, digestmod="MD5").hexdigest()
print(hex_res1) # b8908a20bd70f465330b434e18441d3b
secret_key2 = b'This is my secret key'
message2 = b'Hello world'
hex_res2 = hmac.new(secret_key2, message2, digestmod="MD5").hexdigest()
print(hex_res2) # b8908a20bd70f465330b434e18441d3b
compare_res = hmac.compare_digest(hex_res1, hex_res2) # 比较两个密文是否相同
print(compare_res) # True
secret_key3 = b'This is my secret key'
message3 = b'Hello world!'
hex_res3 = hmac.new(secret_key3, message3, digestmod="MD5").hexdigest()
print(hex_res3) # a314490e13ff3d1dfa9cd18db8c4c3e8
compare_res = hmac.compare_digest(hex_res1, hex_res3) # 比较两个密文是否相同
print(compare_res) # False
hmac_hex = hmac.new(secret_key3, message3, digestmod='md5').hexdigest()
print(hmac_hex) # a314490e13ff3d1dfa9cd18db8c4c3e8
print(hmac.new(secret_key3, message3, 'md5').digest()) # b'xa3x14Ix0ex13xff=x1dxfax9cxd1x8dxb8xc4xc3xe8'
print(len(hmac.new(secret_key3, message3, 'md5').digest())) # 16
content = "hello world"
content_bytes = content.encode("utf-8")
content_bytes_upper = content_bytes.upper() # 今天才知道,还可以对bytes进行upper
print(content_bytes_upper.decode("utf-8")) # HELLO WORLD