Mysql主从配置
安装主Mysql
安装前的准备
检查系统是否存在mysql用户
[root@test mysql]# less /etc/passwd | grep mysql
mysql:x:501:501::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
若没有则创建
[root@test mysql]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
检查系统是否安装RPM格式的mysql，已安装则删除
[root@test LAMP]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
mysql-devel-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
mysql-5.1.73-5.el6_6.x86_64
[root@test LAMP]# yum remove mysql
新建数据库数据存放目录,即datadir,并更改属主、属组为mysql
[root@test LAMP]# chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
[root@test LAMP]# ll /data/mysql/ -d
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 11月 29 01:21 /data/mysql/
安装配置第一台Mysql
解压Mysql、移动并重命名
[root@test LAMP]# tar zxvf mysql-5.1.72-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz
[root@test LAMP]# mv mysql-5.1.72-linux-x86_64-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql
进入mysql目录
[root@test LAMP]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
拷备配置文件
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
初始化数据库，--user=定义数据库属主，--datadir=定义数据库数据存放目录
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/
拷备启动脚本并修改权限
[root@test mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@test mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
修改启动脚本，指定数据目录datadir和程序目录basedir
[root@test mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
加入系统启动服务项，设定开机启动
[root@test mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@test mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
启动Mysql,并查看监听端口
[root@test mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@test mysql]# netstat -nlp | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2109/mysqld
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 17799 2109/mysqld /tmp/mysql.sock
安装第二台Mysql-slave
拷备第一台Mysql程序目录并重命为mysql-slave,做为第二台mysql的程序目录
[root@test local]# cp -r mysql mysql-slave
拷备第一台mysql配置文件到mysql-slave下，做为第二台mysql的配置文件
[root@test mysql2]# cp /etc/my.cnf ./my.cnf
编辑mysql-slave的配置文件，更改从mysql的port、socket，避免与第一台mysql发生冲突，添加datadir
[root@test mysql2]# vim my.cnf
[mysqld]
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql-slave.sock
datadir = /data/mysql-slave
初始化mysql2
[root@test mysql2]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql-slave
使用启动脚本启动Mysql2
拷备启动脚本
[root@test mysql2]# cd /etc/init.d/
[root@test init.d]# cp mysqld mysqld-slave
编辑mysql-slave启动脚本，指定mysql-slave的basedir和datadir，并更改conf=$basedir/my.cnf,指定mysql-slave的配置文件所在位置
[root@test init.d]# vim mysqld-slave
basedir=/usr/local/mysql-slave
datadir=/data/mysql-slave
conf=$basedir/my.cnf
使用启动脚本启动mysql-slave
[root@test init.d]# /etc/init.d/mysqld-slave start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@test init.d]# netstat -nlp | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3077/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3330/mysqld
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 25204 3077/mysqld /tmp/mysql.sock
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 30937 3330/mysqld /tmp/mysql-slave.sock
使用启动命令起动Mysql-slave
使用脚本停止mysql2
[root@test init.d]# /etc/init.d/mysqld-slave stop
Shutting down MySQL..... SUCCESS!
[root@test init.d]# netstat -nlp | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3077/mysqld
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 25204 3077/mysqld /tmp/mysql-slave.sock
使用启动命令启动Mysql-slave
[root@test init.d]# /usr/local/mysql-slave/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-slave/my.cnf --user=mysql &
[1] 3373
[root@test init.d]# 151129 02:53:58 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql-slave/test.err'.
151129 02:53:58 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql-slave
[root@test init.d]# !ne
netstat -nlp | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3077/mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3494/mysqld
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 25204 3077/mysqld /tmp/mysql.sock
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 31582 3494/mysqld /tmp/mysql-slave.sock
配置Mysql主从的准备工作
主mysql，端口：3306，socket:/tmp/mysql.sock
从mysql，端口：3307，socket:/tmp/mysql-slave.sock
在主上创建测试库:db1
[root@stady ~]# mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock -e "create database db1";
导出主的mysql库数据，导入到db1库
[root@stady ~]# mysqldump -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock mysql > 123.sql
-- Warning: Skipping the data of table mysql.event. Specify the --events option explicitly.
[root@stady ~]# mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock db1 < 123.sql
查看db1库
[root@stady ~]# mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock
mysql> use db1
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+-
| Tables_in_db1 |
+---------------------------+-
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| host |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| servers |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
23 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
配置主mysql(master)
编辑主mysql的配置文件
[root@stady ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
更改或添加
server-id = 1 #设置主mysql的server-id,可为任意但必须唯一
log-bin=mysql-master #开启主mysql的二进制binlog日志
#binlog-do-db=db1,db2,...dbn #可选项，用来指定需要同步的库
#binlog-ignore-db=db1,db2...dbn #可选项，用来指定同步需要忽略的库
重启主mysql
[root@stady ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
设置主Mysql的root密码
[root@stady ~]# mysqladmin -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock password 'qwe123'
密码登陆主mysql
[root@stady ~]# mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
授权一个用来同步数据的用户repl
mysql> grant replication slave on . to 'repl'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '123123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
锁死表的读
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看主mysql的状态
mysql> show master status;
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-master.000003 | 394 | | |
+---------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------
File:
position:
配置从mysql(slave)
编辑从mysql的配置文件
[root@stady ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql-slave/my.cnf
修改或添加
server-id = 2 #设置从mysql的server-id,不能与主Mysql一样
replicate-do-db=db1,db2,...dbn #可选项，用来指定需要同步的库
replicate-ignore-db=db1,db2...dbn #可选项，用来指定同步需要忽略的库
#若主mysql已定义，则从mysql就不用再次定义
在从mysql创建db1库，拷备主mysql的db1库，导入到从mysql的db1库
确保主从mysql上的数据完全一致
[root@stady ~]# mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql-slave.sock -e "create database db1";
[root@stady ~]# mysqldump -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock -pqwe123 db1 > db1.sql
[root@stady ~]# mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql-slave.sock db1 < db1.sql
查看从mysql的db1库
[root@stady ~]# mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql-slave.sock
mysql> use db1
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
停上主从复制
mysql> slave stop;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
指定change master
mysql> change master to master_host='127.0.0.1', #指定主mysql的ip
master_port=3306, #指定主mysql的端口
master_user='repl', #指定同步用户
master_password='123123', #同步用户密码
master_log_file='mysql-master.000003', #指定二进制的binlog文件
master_log_pos=394; #指定binlog的偏移量
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
开启主从复制
mysql> slave start
-> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
退出从mysql
mysql> quit
Bye
进入主mysql,解锁表
[root@stady ~]# mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock -p qwe123 -e "unlock tables";
进入从mysql，查看slave状态
mysql> show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 127.0.0.1
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-master.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106
Relay_Log_File: stady-relay-bin.000007
Relay_Log_Pos: 254
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-master.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 106
Relay_Log_Space: 557
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
只有当
Slave_IO_Running: Yes #
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #
则说明主从mysql运行正常
测试主从
登陆主mysql，删除db1库中的host表
[root@stady ~]# mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock -p
mysql> use db1
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_db1 |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| host |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| servers |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
22 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> drop table host;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
登入从mysql，查看db1库中是否存在host表
[root@stady ~]# mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql-slave.sock
mysql> use db1
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_db1 |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| servers |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
21 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在从myslq的db1库中没有host表，说明主从复制配置成功
注意：
如果需重启主mysql，务必要先把从mysql的slave停掉，即在从mysql上执行：
mysql> slave stop;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
然后再重启主、从mysql
[root@stady ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL....... SUCCESS!
[root@stady ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld-slave stop
Shutting down MySQL..... SUCCESS!
[root@stady ~]#