vagrant 虚拟机配置最佳实践

Mac VirtualBox Vagrant 管理虚拟机

这篇文章定位是在理解了 vagrant 相关概念之后，教你如何灵活玩转自己的虚拟机配置

本文为 @favoorr 常用的 Mac VirtualBox Vagrant 管理虚拟机的通用配置向导

我的云梯 VPN 连接是 http://referyt.com/?r=9ea6f6df9967e57c

使用这个连接，你优惠 10 元，我获得 10 元

1.去官方找自己想要的镜像文件信息
https://atlas.hashicorp.com/search

例如想来个 ubuntu 16.04 64位，那么关键字就是 xenial64

找到的地址就是 https://atlas.hashicorp.com/ubuntu/boxes/xenial64

2.在本地文件系统建立对应的存放目录，本地目录按照自己意愿，任意位置

1 2	该目录存放所有使用 vagrant 管理的虚拟机 $ cd ~/Documents/try/vagrant/

3.初始化虚拟机存放目录

新建存放 ubuntu 16.04 64 位的文件位置
$ mkdir xenial64 && cd xenial64
使用 vagrant 命令初始化虚拟机
$ vagrant init ubuntu/xenial64
执行完之后，发现 xenial64 目录下多了个配置文件 Vagrantfile

4.修改 Vagrantfile ，配置自己的虚拟机，

其实什么都不修改，按照默认配置，这时候执行 vagrant up 的时候已经可以运行虚拟机了，这个是 hello world 的做法，实际使用中，还是要自己学会修改配置，知道每个配置项会带来的影响
有些配置是没有的，有些是有的默认是注释的

配置主机名，进入操作系统执行 hostname 显示的名字，我用的规则是 系统版本-IP
系统是 xenial64，IP 最后一位是 155
config.vm.hostname = "xenial64-155"
vagrant box 的版本，如果不配置，会自动去下载最新版本
我用的是 daily build 的版本，这个看自己喜好，我这个本来就是尝试一些新东西玩的
config.vm.box_version = "20161209.0.0"
配置端口映射，通过访问本机的 8080 端口，访问安装后虚拟机的 8080 端口
config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 8080, host: 8080
配置虚拟机的 ip，默认网卡一是 NAT 方式，不需要配置
这里创建网卡二 Host-Only，对应 VirtualBox 的 vbox0
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.155"
配置共享文件夹目录，进入系统后，自动挂载 /lesson
config.vm.synced_folder "/Users/User/zl/python/lesson", "/lesson"
VirtualBox 的配置
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  
  vb.name = "xenial64-155"
  
  # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  vb.gui = false
  # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  vb.memory = "1024"
  vb.cpus = "2"
end

5.在 xenial64 目录下执行命令，初始化并启动虚拟机

这里要注意，如果是第一次启动，会自动下载 vagrant box，最好挂 VPN了，不多解释，
如果没有 VPN，就手工下载包，导入后续会有文章介绍

1	vagrant up --provider virtualbox

6.在 xenial64 目录下执行命令，进入虚拟机，测试网络

进入虚拟机
vagrant ssh
测试网络，我全程 VPN，虚拟机内部访问 google 也是无压力的
ping www.google.com

参考 Vagrantfile 配置文件

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# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.
  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://atlas.hashicorp.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64"
  config.vm.hostname = "xenial64-155"
  config.vm.box_version = "20161209.0.0"
  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false
  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.155"
  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"
  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
    vb.name = "xenial64-155"
    # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
    vb.gui = false
    # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
    vb.memory = "1024"
    vb.cpus = "2"
  end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.
  # Define a Vagrant Push strategy for pushing to Atlas. Other push strategies
  # such as FTP and Heroku are also available. See the documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/push/atlas.html for more information.
  # config.push.define "atlas" do |push|
  #   push.app = "YOUR_ATLAS_USERNAME/YOUR_APPLICATION_NAME"
  # end
  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get upgrade
  # SHELL
end