python-configparser模块,xml.etree模块

操作键值对文件

 1 #文件db格式为
 2 [section]
 3 a = 1
 4 b = 2
 5 
 6 [section1]
 7 d = 3
 8 c = 4
 9 
10 import configparser
11 
12 #获取所有节点
13 config = configparser.ConfigParser()
14 config.read('db')
15 ret = config.sections()
16 print(ret)
17 
18 >>>['section', 'section1']
19 
20 #获取指定节点下所有的键值对
21 ret = config.items('section1')
22 print('获取键值对：',ret)
23 >>>获取键值对： [('d', '3'), ('c', '4')]
24 
25 #获取所有的键
26 ret = config.options('section')
27 print('获取节点下键名称：',ret)
28 >>>获取节点下键名称： ['a', 'b']
29 
30 #获取节点下的指定key的值
31 ret =config.get('section1','c')
32 print(ret)
33 >>>4
34 
35 #检查节点是否存在
36 has_sec = config.has_section('section1')
37 print(has_sec)
38 >>>True
39 
40 #添加节点section2
41 config.add_section('section2')
42 config.write(open('db','w'))
43 
44 #db文件当前为
45 [section]
46 a = 1
47 b = 2
48 
49 [section1]
50 d = 3
51 c = 4
52 
53 [section2]
54 
55 #删除节点section2
56 config.remove_section('section2')
57 config.write(open('db','w'))
58 
59 #当前db文件内容为
60 [section]
61 a = 1
62 b = 2
63 
64 [section1]
65 d = 3
66 c = 4
67 
68 #检查删除设置指定组内的键值对是否存在
69 has_opt = config.has_option('section1','c')
70 print(has_opt)
71 >>>True
72 
73 #删除
74 config.remove_option('section1','c')
75 config.write(open('db','w'))
76 #当前db文件内容为
77 [section]
78 a = 1
79 b = 2
80 
81 [section1]
82 d = 3
83 
84 #设置更改指定值
85 config.set('section1','d','123')
86 config.write(open('db','w'))
87 #db内容
88 [section]
89 a = 1
90 b = 2
91 
92 [section1]
93 d = 123
94 c = 4

 1 #oo.xml文件内容
 2 <data>
 3     <country name="Liechtenstein">
 4         <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
 5         <year>2023</year>
 6         <year>2027</year>
 7         <year>2027</year>
 8         <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
 9         <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
10         <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
11     </country>
12 </data>
13 
14 from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
15 
16 #打开xml文件加载到内存
17 tree = ET.parse('oo.xml')
18 #获取根节点
19 root = tree.getroot()
20 
21 for child in root:
22     print(child.tag,child.attrib)#child.tag,子节点标签名,子节点属性
23     for gradechild in child:
24         print(gradechild.tag,gradechild.text,gradechild.attrib)
25 
26 >>>country {'name': 'Liechtenstein'}
27 >>>rank 2 {'updated': 'yes'}
28 >>>year 2023 {}
29 >>>gdppc 141100 {}
30 >>>neighbor None {'direction': 'E', 'name': 'Austria'}
31 >>>neighbor None {'direction': 'W', 'name': 'Switzerland'}
32 
33 #两种方法读取xml文件直接解析,tree对象是ElementTree对象
34 tree = ET.parse('oo.xml')
35 root = tree.getroot()
36 
37 #将xml已字符串格式获得,将字符串转化为element对象,无法进行写操作
38 str_xml = open('oo.xml','r').read()
39 root = ET.XML(str_xml)
40 
41 #循环所有的year节点
42 for node in root.iter('year'):
43     #将year节点中的内容自增一
44     new_year = int (node.text) +1
45     node.text = str(new_year)
46     print(node.text)
47 >>>2024
48 >>>2027
49 >>>2027
50     #设置属性
51     node.set('name','alex')
52     node.set('age','18')
53     print(node.attrib)
54 >>>{'age': '18', 'name': 'alex'}
55 >>>{'age': '18', 'name': 'alex'}
56 >>>{'age': '18', 'name': 'alex'}
57     #删除属性
58     del node.attrib['name']
59     print(node.attrib)
60 >>>{'age': '18'}
61 >>>{'age': '18'}
62 >>>{'age': '18'}
63 #保存文件
64 tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
65 tree.write("newnew.xml", encoding='utf-8')

 1 #创建根节点
 2 root = ET.Element('family')
 3 
 4 #创建大儿子
 5 son1 = ET.Element('son',{'name':'儿子1'})
 6 #创建二儿子
 7 son2 = ET.Element('son',{'name':'儿子2'})
 8 
 9 #大儿子中创建两个孙子
10 grandson1 = ET.Element('grandson',{'name':'孙子1'})
11 grandson2 = ET.Element('grandson',{'name':'孙子2'})
12 son1.append(grandson1)
13 son2.append(grandson2)
14 
15 root.append(son1)
16 root.append(son2)
17 
18 tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
19 tree.write('ooo.xml',encoding = 'utf-8',short_empty_elements = False)
20 #ooo.xml文件为
21 <family><son name="儿子1"><grandson name="孙子1"></grandson></son><son name="儿子2"><grandson name="孙子2"></grandson></son></family>