【Django】：路由规则

Django路由规则

1、基于正则的URL

在templates目录下创建index.html、detail.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{% for k,item in user_dict.items %}
    <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail-{{ k }}.html">{{ item.name}}</a></li>
{% endfor %}

</body>
</html>
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>详细信息</h2>
    <h4>用户名：{{ detail_info.name }}</h4>
    <h4>邮箱：{{ detail_info.email }}</h4>
</body>
</html>
detail.html

在urls.py文件增加对应路径

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index', views.index),
    url(r'^detail-(d+).html/', views.detail),
]

在views.py文件创建对应方法

USER_DICT = {
    '1':{'name':'root1','email':'root@live.com'},
    '2':{'name':'root2','email':'root@live.com'},
    '3':{'name':'root3','email':'root@live.com'},
    '4':{'name':'root4','email':'root@live.com'},
}

def index(request):
    return render(request,"index.html",{"user_dict":USER_DICT})

def detail(request,nid):　　# nid指定的是(d+)里的内容
    detail_info = USER_DICT[nid]
    return render(request, "detail.html", {"detail_info": detail_info})

2、正则URL分组

在urls.py文件增加对应路径

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index', views.index),
    url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>d+)-(?P<uid>d+).html/', views.detail),
　　 # nid=d+ uid=d+
]

在views.py文件创建对应方法

def detail(request,**kwargs):
    print(kwargs)           
    #{'nid': '4', 'uid': '3'}
    nid = kwargs.get("nid")
    detail_info = USER_DICT[nid]
    return render(request, "detail.html", {"detail_info": detail_info})

3、request.path_info或request.path（获取当前客户端的访问路径）

在urls.py文件配置

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index', views.index),
]
urls.py

在views.py文件配置

def index(request):
    print(request.path_info)    #获取客户端当前的访问链接
    # / index
    return render(request,"index.html",{"user_dict":USER_DICT})
views.py

在templates目录下的index.html

<form action="{{ request.path_info }}" method="post">
    <p><input  name="user" type="text" placeholder="用户名"/></p>
    <p><input  name="password" type="password" placeholder="密码"/></p>
    <p><input type="submit" value="提交"/></p>
</form>

参考第8条

4、name（对路由关系进行命名，根据此名称生成自己想要的URL）

在views.py文件配置

def index(request,*args,**kwargs):
    return render(request,"index.html")
views.py

在urls.py文件配置

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^asdfasdfasdf/', views.index, name='i1'),     #第一种方式i1
	url(r'^yug/(d+)/(d+)/', views.index, name='i2'),  #第二种方式i2
	url(r'^buy/(?P<pid>d+)/(?P<nid>d+)/', views.index, name='i3'),    #第三种方式i3
]

在templates目录下的index.html

<body>
{#第一种方法i1       路径asdfasdfasdf/#}
{#<form action="{% url "i1" %}" method="post">#}
{#第二种方法i2       路径yug/1/2/#}
{#<form action="{% url "i2" 1 2 %}" method="post">#}
{#第三种方法i3       路径buy/1/9//#}
<form action="{% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %}" method="post">
    <p><input  name="user" type="text" placeholder="用户名"/></p>
    <p><input  name="password" type="password" placeholder="密码"/></p>
    <p><input type="submit" value="提交"/></p>
</form>
</body>

5、路由分发（把路由分发到spp urls文件）　

主程序urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^monitor/', include('monitor.urls')), #调整到monitor目录中的urls.py文件
]

monitor下的urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from monitor import views
#
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^login', views.login),
]

6、默认值

在urls.py文件配置

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from cmdb import  views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/', views.index, {'name':'root'}),
]

在views.py文件配置

def index(request,name):
    print(name)
    return HttpResponse('OK')

#root

　　

7、命名空间

主程序urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url,include

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^a/', include('cmdb.urls', namespace='author-polls')),
    url(r'^b/', include('cmdb.urls', namespace='publisher-polls')),
]

cmdb下的urls.py文件

from django.conf.urls import url
from cmdb import  views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^index/', views.detail, name='detail'),
]

在views.py文件配置　　

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import reverse

def detail(request):
    url = reverse('author-polls:detail')
    print(url)
    return HttpResponse('OK')

# /a/index/

html模板中生成url

{% url 'author-polls:detail'  %}

8、补充生成url路径　

from . import  models
def article(request,*args,**kwargs):
    
    # 第一种方式利用path_info，访问的url
    print(request.path_info)
    # /article/0-0.html/
    
    # 第二种方式用reverse，自己生成    
    # 需要配合urls.py文件 url(r'...',views.article ,name='article')
    from django.urls import reverse
    url = reverse('article',kwargs=kwargs)
    print(url)
    # /article/0-0.html/

　　

Django类方法

1、创建class对业务进行处理

在templates目录下创建home.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/home/" method="POST">
    <p>
        <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名"/>
    </p>
    <p>
        <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码"/>
    </p>
    <p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
home.html

在urls.py文件增加home路径

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from cmdb import views

urlpatterns = [
     # 固定语法
    url(r'^home/', views.Home.as_view()),
]

在views.py文件创建类Home

from django.views import View

class Home(View):
    # 先执行dispatch里面的内容
    def dispatch(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
        print("before")
        # 调用父类中的dispatch
        result = super(Home,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        print("after")
        return result

    # 根据反射获取用户提交方式，执行get或post方法
    def get(self,request):
        print(request.method)
        return render(request,"home.html")

    def post(self,request):
        print(request.method)
        return render(request,"home.html")

Django请求信息

1、获取用户请求相关请求信息以及请求头

def detail(request):
    print(type(request))
    # < class 'django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIRequest'>
    from django.core.handlers.wsgi import  WSGIRequest
    # print(request.environ)
    for k,v in request.environ.items():
        print(k,v)
    # GATEWAY_INTERFACE
    # CGI / 1.1
    # LOGONSERVER \L-PC
    # REMOTE_HOST
    # REQUEST_METHOD GET
    # PROGRAMFILES C:Program Files (x86)
    # PROGRAMW6432 C:Program Files
    # PATH_INFO /a/index/
    # TMP C:UsersLAppDataLocalTemp
    # HOMEDRIVE C:
    # COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86) C:Program Files (x86)Common Files
    # SCRIPT_NAME
    # MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH C:Program Files (x86)Foxit SoftwareFoxit Readerplugins
    # REMOTE_ADDR 127.0.0.1
    # wsgi.errors <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>
    # HTTP_COOKIE sessionid=dlczhr2xm0tkg8uvkvk0bmvq5aj9q87n; csrftoken=cq82rWEKolufJRrO6u4Ib4VKHapMuC4nJzhLnLMDEpDeNVhjx7AtEjqZP10DbMqu
    # HTTP_CONNECTION keep-alive
    # wsgi.version (1, 0)
    # CONTENT_TYPE text/plain
    # wsgi.file_wrapper <class 'wsgiref.util.FileWrapper'>
    # CONTENT_LENGTH
    # WINDIR C:Windows
    # USERDOMAIN L-PC
    # SERVER_PORT 8000
    # SESSIONNAME Console
    # QUERY_STRING
    # CSRF_COOKIE cq82rWEKolufJRrO6u4Ib4VKHapMuC4nJzhLnLMDEpDeNVhjx7AtEjqZP10DbMqu
    # HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING gzip, deflate, sdch
    # PYTHONPATH C:UsersLPycharmProjectsDjango项目Day_21
    # ERLANG_HOME C:Program Fileserl8.1
    # COMMONPROGRAMW6432 C:Program FilesCommon Files
    # HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS 1
    # NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS 4
    # ASL.LOG Destination=file
    # SERVER_PROTOCOL HTTP/1.1
    # PROCESSOR_LEVEL 6
    # USERNAME L
    # PROGRAMFILES(X86) C:Program Files (x86)
    # SYSTEMROOT C:Windows
    # ALLUSERSPROFILE C:ProgramData
    # wsgi.multiprocess False
    # FP_NO_HOST_CHECK NO
    # HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
    # PROCESSOR_REVISION 4501
    # SERVER_SOFTWARE WSGIServer/0.2
    # OS Windows_NT
    # COMSPEC C:Windowssystem32cmd.exe
    # SYSTEMDRIVE C:
    # PUBLIC C:UsersPublic
    # LOCALAPPDATA C:UsersLAppDataLocal
    # HOMEPATH UsersL
    # HTTP_USER_AGENT Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36
    # PSMODULEPATH C:Windowssystem32WindowsPowerShellv1.0Modules
    # PROGRAMDATA C:ProgramData
    # wsgi.url_scheme http
    # TEMP C:UsersLAppDataLocalTemp
    # RUN_MAIN true
    # PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER Intel64 Family 6 Model 69 Stepping 1, GenuineIntel
    # wsgi.multithread True
    # PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE x86
    # COMMONPROGRAMFILES C:Program Files (x86)Common Files
    # PYCHARM_HOSTED 1
    # wsgi.input <_io.BufferedReader name=832>
    # DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE Day_21.settings
    # SERVER_NAME L-PC
    # COMPUTERNAME L-PC
    # USERPROFILE C:UsersL
    # HTTP_HOST 127.0.0.1:8000
    # HTTP_ACCEPT text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
    # PATHEXT .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC
    # PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432 AMD64
    # PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
    # PYTHONIOENCODING UTF-8
    # APPDATA C:UsersLAppDataRoaming
    # wsgi.run_once False

    print(request.environ['HTTP_HOST'])
    return HttpResponse('OK')

　　

　

　

Django基础-》》http://www.cnblogs.com/lianzhilei/p/6137137.html

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/lianzhilei/p/6164896.html