ORACLE11g R2【RAC+ASM→RAC+ASM】

ORACLE11g R2【RAC+ASM→RAC+ASM】

本演示案例所用环境：RAC+ASM+OMF

	primary	standby
OS Hostname	node1,node2	dgnode1,dgnode2
OS Version	RHEL6.5	RHEL6.5
DB Version	11.2.0.4	11.2.0.4
db_name	stephen	stephen
db_unique_name	stephen	standby
service_names	stephen	standby
instance_name	stephen1,stephen2	standby1,standby2

Primary database configure

1.启用primary force logging

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

SQL> alter database force logging;

2.配置redo传输认证

(1) tnsnames.ora

STEPHEN =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1521))

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node2-vip)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = stephen)

    )

  )

STANDBY =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dgnode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dgnode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = standby)

    )

  )

 

(2) tnsping命令解析网络服务名,命令须返回OK.

此时，standby端未配置监听，无法解析，可以standby配置后再测试。

$ tnsping standby

 

(3) 密码文件

若无密码文件，则在一个节点创建密码文件并拷贝至其余节点。格式：orapw<ORACLE_SID>

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

orapwd file=orapwstephen1 password=oracle ignorecase=y force=y

scp orapwstephen1 node2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstephen2

3.添加standby logfiles

添加standby logfile 的要求：

(1) 确保主和备数据库上的日志文件大小是相同的

(2) 确定备库重做日志文件组的适当数目

Standby logfile数 = （每个线程的logfile数＋1）* 线程数

(3) 检查create database时指定的MAXLOGFILES和MAXLOGMEMBERS参数，可以通过trace controlfile出来查看

(4) RAC环境创建standby logfile,指定thread#创建

每个thread的standby logfile数 = 每个thread的logfile数 + 1

检查当前环境的logfile：

set lines 200 pages 300

col member for a60

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#

union all

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$standby_log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#;

根据查询的logfile 信息上文添加standby logfile的要求，添加合理的standby logfile,然后用上面的sql再次查看当前环境的logfile：

alter database add standby logfile thread 1

group 5 '+DATA' size 50M,

group 6 '+DATA' size 50M,

group 7 '+DATA' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile thread 2

group 8 '+DATA' size 50M,

group 9 '+DATA' size 50M,

group 10 '+DATA' size 50M;

4.修改primary参数文件

备份spfile：

create pfile='/tmp/pfile.bak' from spfile;

修改以下参数，其中stephen,standby分别为primary,standby的db_unqiue_name/TNS-Alias,详见参数详解部分：

alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(stephen,standby)' sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=+DATA valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=stephen' sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=standby lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=standby' sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_max_processes=30 sid='*'; #根据需求调整个数

--确认以下参数，若不为默认值则修改：

alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive scope=spfile sid='*';

 # remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive/shared

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable sid='*';

--可修改归档日志格式，与datafile区分：

alter system set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile sid='*';

--备角色参数：

alter system set fal_server=standby sid='*';

alter system set standby_file_management=auto sid='*';

alter system set db_file_name_convert='+DATA/STANDBY','+DATA/STEPHEN' scope=spfile sid='*';

alter system set log_file_name_convert='+DATA/STANDBY','+DATA/STEPHEN' scope=spfile sid='*';

注：以上参数，指定spfile修改的，在实例重启后生效。

采用OMF时，主、备库均只能使用一个ASM磁盘组,否则禁用OMF：

alter system reset db_create_file_dest sid='*';

alter system reset db_create_online_log_dest_n sid='*'; #n为数值变量

alter system reset db_recovery_file_dest sid='*';

5.打开归档模式

首先确认当前数据库是否是归档模式，如果不是，则打开归档模式。

archive log list;

srvctl stop database -d stephen

srvctl start database -d stephen -o mount

alter database archivelog;  --在一个节点执行即可

alter database open; --各节点执行

6.备份primary database

rman target / <<EOF

run{allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

backup full database format '/backup/full_%U.bak' plus archivelog;

sql 'alter system switch logfile';

backup current controlfile for standby format '/backup/c_%U.bak';

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

}

EOF

Standby database configure

前期准备

首先安装CRS,RDBMS软件，配置ASM，netca创建监听。

1.配置各节点环境变量

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=standby1 #根据节点修改

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib #不同平台变量名不一样

2.配置redo传输认证

(1) tnsnames.ora

配置各节点的$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora文件：

STEPHEN =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1521))

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node2-vip)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = stephen)

    )

  )

STANDBY =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dgnode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dgnode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = standby)

    )

  )

重载各节点监听：

lsnrctl reload

 

(2) tnsping命令解析网络服务名,命令须返回OK.

$ tnsping stephen

 

(3) 密码文件

使用主库的密码文件：

scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstephen1 dgnode1:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstandby1

scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstephen1 dgnode2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstandby2

3.创建目录

在各节点创建相关目录：

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/standby/{adump,dpdump,pfile}

创建ASM目录：

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

SQL> alter diskgroup data add directory '+DATA/STANDBY';

4.参数文件

用primary的pfile加以修改，以保证某些参数与primary保持一致，注意主备库内存的大小适当的调整内存相关参数。

scp node1:/tmp/pfile.bak $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initstandby1.ora

修改pfile为需要的standby pfile,特别注意以下事例的参数设定：

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/standby/adump'

*.cluster_database_instances=2

*.cluster_database=true

*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA'

*.db_name='stephen'

*.db_unique_name='standby'

*.service_names='standby'

standby1.instance_name='standby1'

standby2.instance_name='standby2'

standby2.instance_number=2

standby1.instance_number=1

*.remote_listener='cluster-scan:1521'

standby1.local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dgnode1-vip)(PORT=1521))'

standby2.local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dgnode2-vip)(PORT=1521))'

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

standby2.thread=2

standby1.thread=1

*.undo_management='AUTO'

standby1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

standby2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(stephen,standby)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=+DATA valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=standby'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=stephen lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=stephen'

*.log_archive_max_processes=30  #根据需求调整个数

*.remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive  # exclusive/shared

*.log_archive_dest_state_1=enable

*.log_archive_dest_state_2=enable

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'

*.fal_server=stephen

*.standby_file_management=auto

*.db_file_name_convert='+DATA/STEPHEN','+DATA/STANDBY'

*.log_file_name_convert='+DATA/STEPHEN','+DATA/STANDBY'

以pfile启动数据库实例到nomount阶段,只需要启动一个实例用来做恢复即可：

SQL> startup nomount pfile='?/dbs/initstandby1.ora';

注意：以下恢复操作，只在一个节点做。

5.恢复standby controlfile

SQL> startup nomount;

RMAN> restore standby controlfile to '+DATA' from '/backup/c_0aqn43be_1_1.bak';

修改control_files参数执行controlfile位置:

alter system set control_files='+DATA/standby/controlfile/current.257.896669437' scope=spfile sid='*';

重启实例：

shutdown immediate;

startup nomount pfile='?/dbs/initstandby1.ora';

alter database mount standby database;

6.恢复数据文件

查询primary database的数据文件信息：

set lines 300 pages 300

col name for a60

col member for a60

select file#,name from v$datafile

union all

select file#,name from v$tempfile;

启动standby到mount阶段，恢复数据文件：

RMAN> run{

set newname for datafile 1 to '+DATA';

set newname for datafile 2 to '+DATA';

set newname for datafile 3 to '+DATA';

set newname for datafile 4 to '+DATA';

set newname for datafile 5 to '+DATA';

set newname for tempfile 1 to '+DATA';

restore database;

switch datafile all;

switch tempfile all;

recover database;

}

查看standby database log file:

set lines 200 pages 300

col member for a60

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#

union all

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$standby_log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#;

7.注册OCR

注册DB,Instance到OCR：

srvctl add database -d standby -o $ORACLE_HOME

srvctl add instance -d standby -i standby1 -n dgnode1

srvctl add instance -d standby -i standby2 -n dgnode2

查看资源状态：

crsctl status res -t -w "TYPE = ora.database.type"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NAMETARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS      

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.standby.db

1        OFFLINE  OFFLINE                                    

2        OFFLINE  OFFLINE

启用DB跟随CRS启动：

srvctl enable database -d standby

8.创建spfile

SQL> create spfile='+DATA' from pfile='?/dbs/initstandby1.ora';

关闭数据库实例，修改各节点pfile,然后以spfile启动数据库：

SQL> shutdown immediate

通过asmcmd命令查看spfile的位置

asmcmd find +DATA/standby spfile*

+DATA/standby/parameterfile/spfile.256.896665481

修改各节点pfile：

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

echo "spfile='+DATA/standby/parameterfile/spfile.256.896665481">initstandby1.ora

echo "spfile='+DATA/standby/parameterfile/spfile.256.896665481">initstandby2.ora

以spfile启动实例到mount阶段(Data Guard）或open read only阶段(Active Data Guard)：

--启动到mount：

srvctl start database -d standby -o mount

--启动到open read only：

srvctl start database -d standby -o 'read only'

查看资源状态：

crsctl status res -t -w "TYPE = ora.database.type"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NAMETARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS      

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.standby.db

1        OFFLINE  OFFLINE dgnode 1                  Open,Readonly                                      

2        OFFLINE  OFFLINE dgnode 2                  Open,Readonly

如果状态显示为Open,此为ORACLE BUG,参考MOS DOC 1622876.1

9.应用日志

应用日志只需要在一个节点执行即可,日志应用可选择应用archive log或redo log.

应用archive log：

recover managed standby database disconnect;

实时应用redo logfile：

recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

取消应用日志：

recover managed standby database cancel;

打开数据库至read only模式并开始实时复制：

recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

10.观察日志传输

跟踪primary,standby database的alert log,观察是否有错误发生，也可以看到应用日志的相关信息。

确认standby是否应用日志：

--primary端多切几次日志，观察alert log信息。

alter system switch logfile;

alter system switch logfile;

--观察主备库日志序列号

archive log list;

--primary端查询v$archived_log视图，确认日志是否被应用：

set lines 300 pages 300

col name for a20

select name,dest_id,thread#,sequence#,standby_dest,applied,registrar,completion_time from v$archived_log

where standby_dest='YES'

order by thread#,sequence#;

--primary端查询primary,standby的最大日志序列号是否一致：

select 'Primary :' "DB Role",thread#,max(sequence#)

from v$archived_log

where standby_dest='NO'

group by thread#

union

select 'Standby :' "DB Role",thread#,max(sequence#)

from v$archived_log

where standby_dest='YES' and applied='YES'

group by thread#

order by thread#;