1 this is a words file. 2 words words to be 3 1 2, 3 4 , 5 , 5 6 , 6 , 7 , 7 , 8 , 8 9 , 9 , 10 4 beginning linux programming 4th edition 5 1000 222222 334 5 99999 6 7 this is a line containing pattern 8 ,.<>?;';;;' [] {= = | -__!@#$%^&*() !@#$$%%^&*(()*&%@(#$%)) 9 10 www.regexper.com 11 www.google.com 12 www.baidu.com 13 www.redhat.com
我们的测试文件名字叫 n，如上所示，共13行。
grep按行检索，按行输出。
1， 搜索特定模式的行
1 [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words n 2 this is a words file. 3 words words to be 4 [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
2，单个grep命令可以对多个文件进行检索
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words n n1 n2 n:this is a words file. n:words words to be n1:this is a words file. n1:words words to be n2:this is a words file. n2:words words to be [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
3，使用正则表达式，添加-E选项，或者直接egrep (在terminal下可以看到这些被匹配的部分 是被红色 特殊显示的，这里显示的是被匹配到的 行)
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ egrep "[a-o]+" n this is a words file. words words to be beginning linux programming 4th edition this is a line containing pattern www.regexper.com www.google.com www.baidu.com www.redhat.com [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
4，只输出文件中匹配到的文本部分呢，使用-o
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words n this is a words file. words words to be [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words n -o words words words [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
5，打印除包含match_pattern行之外的所有行，使用-v
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words n -v 1 2, 3 4 , 5 , 5 6 , 6 , 7 , 7 , 8 , 8 9 , 9 , 10 beginning linux programming 4th edition 1000 222222 334 5 99999 this is a line containing pattern ,.<>?;';;;' [] {= = | -__!@#$%^&*() !@#$$%%^&*(()*&%@(#$%)) www.regexper.com www.google.com www.baidu.com www.redhat.com [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
6，统计文件包含匹配字符串的行数，使用-c （-c只统计匹配到的行数，并不会统计匹配到的次数）
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words n -c 2 [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words n this is a words file. words words to be [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
7，统计匹配到的字符串的数量，使用-o | wc -l
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep -o words n | wc -l 3 [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words n this is a words file. words words to be [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
8，打印出包含匹配字符串的行号，使用-n
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep w -n n n1
n:1:this is a words file.
n:2:words words to be
n:10:www.regexper.com
n:11:www.google.com
n:12:www.baidu.com
n:13:www.redhat.com
n1:1:this is a words file.
n1:2:words words to be
n1:10:www.regexper.com
n1:11:www.google.com
n1:12:www.baidu.com
n1:13:www.redhat.com
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
9 打印模式匹配所位于的字符或字节偏移，使用-b -o
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words n this is a words file. words words to be [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words -b -o n 10:words 22:words 28:words [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
10，搜索多个文件并找出文本位于哪一个文件中，使用-l
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words n n1 n:this is a words file. n:words words to be n1:this is a words file. n1:words words to be [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words -l n n1 n n1 [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
使用-L 大写的L字符，取相反的结果
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words n n1 n:this is a words file. n:words words to be n1:this is a words file. n1:words words to be [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words -l n n1 n n1 [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words -L n n1 [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
11，递归搜索文件，使用-R -n （-n选项表示显示所在文件名：行号）
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words . -R -n ./n:1:this is a words file. ./n:2:words words to be ./n1:1:this is a words file. ./n1:2:words words to be ./n2:1:this is a words file. ./n2:2:words words to be [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
12，忽略样式中的大小写，使用-i
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep WORDS -i n this is a words file. words words to be [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
13，使用grep匹配多个样式，使用-e
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep -e words -e www -o n
words
words
words
www
www
www
www
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
14，使用样式文件，利用grep逐行读取样式文件，grep会将匹配到的行输出
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep -f f n this is a words file. words words to be 1 2, 3 4 , 5 , 5 6 , 6 , 7 , 7 , 8 , 8 9 , 9 , 10 1000 222222 334 5 99999 www.regexper.com www.google.com www.baidu.com www.redhat.com [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
15，在grep搜索中指定或排除文件
# grep "main()" . -r --include *.{c,cpp}
#grep "main()" . -r --exclude "readme"
16,grep 的静默输出，使用-q
######################################################################### # File Name: begin.sh # Author: lizhen # mail: lizhen_ok@163.com # Created Time: Wed 18 May 2016 08:29:32 PM CST ######################################################################### #!/bin/bash if [ $# -ne 2 ] then echo "usage: $0 match_text filename" exit 1 fi match_text=$1 filename=$2 grep -q "$match_text" $filename if [ $? -eq 0 ] then echo "The text exists in the file" else echo "text does not exist in the file" fi echo "done!"
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ ./begin.sh words n The text exists in the file done! [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
17，打印匹配行之前或之后的行，使用-B，-A，-C选项
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep www -B 3 n this is a line containing pattern ,.<>?;';;;' [] {= = | -__!@#$%^&*() !@#$$%%^&*(()*&%@(#$%)) www.regexper.com www.google.com www.baidu.com www.redhat.com [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep www -B 1 n www.regexper.com www.google.com www.baidu.com www.redhat.com [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep www n www.regexper.com www.google.com www.baidu.com www.redhat.com [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep words -A 1 n this is a words file. words words to be 1 2, 3 4 , 5 , 5 6 , 6 , 7 , 7 , 8 , 8 9 , 9 , 10 [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$
[lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep 2222 n 1000 222222 334 5 99999 [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$ grep 2222 n -C 1 beginning linux programming 4th edition 1000 222222 334 5 99999 [lizhen@dhcp-128-93 shell]$