集合中元素大小的可排序问题

package CollectionPart;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

public class CollectionSort {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        List myList = new ArrayList();
        myList.add("3");
        myList.add("1");
        myList.add("5");
        myList.add("sdf");
        myList.add("fwef");
        Collections.sort(myList);
        for (Object object : myList) {
            System.out.println(object);
        }
        //这样,集合就帮助我们进行了排序的操作。
        
        System.out.println("------------");
        
        //依然是,之前遇到的那个问题。如果不再是字符串或者基本数据类型,如果是我们自己定义的一个实体对象类型,那么如何比较两个元素的大小呢?
        //刚刚有写过一个 员工2类,那里面重写了equals() 和hashCode() 方法,那不妨试试员工2类。
        Employee_3 e1 = new Employee_3("1","lifei",23,"2016-06-03");
        Employee_3 e2 = new Employee_3("2","lifei2",24,"2016-06-03");
        Employee_3 e3 = new Employee_3("3","lifei3",25,"2016-06-03");
        
        List<Employee_3> myList2 = new ArrayList();
        myList2.add(e3);
        myList2.add(e1);
        myList2.add(e2);
        Collections.sort(myList2);
        for (Employee_3 employee_2 : myList2) {
            System.out.println(employee_2);
        }
        System.out.println("从输出结果上很容易看出来,是按照我们添加的顺序输出的,事实上我们也没有进行排序.从结果上看原来的员工2类,改成了现在的3.这是因为,在写sort的时候,就不允许了,这是因为编译器,在编译过程中发现,当前类也就是 employee_2中并不具有比较器。");
        /**
         * 所以,如果想要对一个我们自己实现的对象进行排序的话,必须要让被排序的实体拥有一个比较器。也就是说对于我们所写的实体如果让他符合set集合的话,需要告诉编译器到底什么相等,两个实体才算相等,为了让相同类型的元素进行排序,我们需要指定怎么样才算是大,怎么样才算是小。
         * 这样就需要一个,比较器,有两种实现形式,方式1:让实体类实现comparable 接口。
         * 同是为了排序,如果实体类已经不可更改,或者 最好不用去触碰原来的代码,那么重写一个,比较器类也是不错的选择。
         */
        Collections.sort(myList2,new MyComparator());
        for (Employee_3 employee_3 : myList2) {
            System.out.println(employee_3);
        }
    }
}

员工3类:

package CollectionPart;

/**
 * 实现了  comparable接口
 * @param <T>
 * 
 */
public class Employee_3 implements Comparable<Employee_3> {
    
    private String employeeId;
    private String employeeName;
    private int employeeAge;
    private String employeeHireDate;
    /*
    这里就存储成String 类型,在 数据库里面设置成 date格式。
    然后 利用Date today = new Date();
    SimpleDateFormat fm = new SimpleDateFormat("YYYY-MM-dd");
    来做
    */
    public String getEmployeeId() {
        return employeeId;
    }
    public void setEmployeeId(String employeeId) {
        this.employeeId = employeeId;
    }
    public String getEmployeeName() {
        return employeeName;
    }
    public void setEmployeeName(String employeeName) {
        this.employeeName = employeeName;
    }
    public int getEmployeeAge() {
        return employeeAge;
    }
    public void setEmployeeAge(int employeeAge) {
        this.employeeAge = employeeAge;
    }
    public String getEmployeeHireDate() {
        return employeeHireDate;
    }
    public void setEmployeeHireDate(String employeeHireDate) {
        this.employeeHireDate = employeeHireDate;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee_1 [employeeId=" + employeeId + ", employeeName=" + employeeName + ", employeeAge="
                + employeeAge + ", employeeHireDate=" + employeeHireDate + "]";
    }
    public Employee_3(String employeeId, String employeeName, int employeeAge, String employeeHireDate) {
        super();
        this.employeeId = employeeId;
        this.employeeName = employeeName;
        this.employeeAge = employeeAge;
        this.employeeHireDate = employeeHireDate;
    }
    public Employee_3() {
        super();
    }
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + employeeAge;
        result = prime * result + ((employeeHireDate == null) ? 0 : employeeHireDate.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((employeeId == null) ? 0 : employeeId.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((employeeName == null) ? 0 : employeeName.hashCode());
        return result;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        Employee_3 other = (Employee_3) obj;
        if (employeeAge != other.employeeAge)
            return false;
        if (employeeHireDate == null) {
            if (other.employeeHireDate != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!employeeHireDate.equals(other.employeeHireDate))
            return false;
        if (employeeId == null) {
            if (other.employeeId != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!employeeId.equals(other.employeeId))
            return false;
        if (employeeName == null) {
            if (other.employeeName != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!employeeName.equals(other.employeeName))
            return false;
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Employee_3 o) {
        return this.getEmployeeAge()-o.getEmployeeAge();
    }
}

比较器:

package CollectionPart;

import java.util.Comparator;

public class MyComparator implements Comparator<Employee_3> {

    @Override
    public int compare(Employee_3 o1, Employee_3 o2) {
        return o2.getEmployeeAge()-o1.getEmployeeAge();
    }

}

运行结果:

1
3
5
fwef
sdf
------------
Employee_1 [employeeId=1, employeeName=lifei, employeeAge=23, employeeHireDate=2016-06-03]
Employee_1 [employeeId=2, employeeName=lifei2, employeeAge=24, employeeHireDate=2016-06-03]
Employee_1 [employeeId=3, employeeName=lifei3, employeeAge=25, employeeHireDate=2016-06-03]
从输出结果上很容易看出来,是按照我们添加的顺序输出的,事实上我们也没有进行排序.从结果上看原来的员工2类,改成了现在的3.这是因为,在写sort的时候,就不允许了,这是因为编译器,在编译过程中发现,当前类也就是 employee_2中并不具有比较器。
Employee_1 [employeeId=3, employeeName=lifei3, employeeAge=25, employeeHireDate=2016-06-03]
Employee_1 [employeeId=2, employeeName=lifei2, employeeAge=24, employeeHireDate=2016-06-03]
Employee_1 [employeeId=1, employeeName=lifei, employeeAge=23, employeeHireDate=2016-06-03]

都到了这里了,发现泛型问题不可回避。

我们发现在第一个输出结果里面,既可以存放数字也可以存放字符串儿,这是由于java在封装的时候为我们提供了便利,希望我们可以存储任何类型的数据到集合中,但是这就会带来一定的弊端,比如这个集合里面什么都可以放的话,对于我们针对某些特定的元素就会出现问题。比如我们要是只能向集合中添加数字,那么存取的时候都知道这里是数字,并且方便易用。但是因为没有加限定条件,导致了数字的集合里面放入了别的元素。这样存取和使用都会出现问题,就好像我有很多台苹果手机,然后有人跟我买,我开始都掏出手机给对方,但是由于没有加约束,导致了工人在存放数据的时候,放入了可以食用的苹果,这个时候我在取的时候拿给买家一个可以食用的苹果,而别人给我了几千块钱是想买一部手机,这就会出问题。人家可能会打我。这就是在存放的时候,没有加约束的结果,如果往仓库的存储过程中,限定了只能放入手机,而不是水果,那么加入了<Mobile>这个 泛型,那存的时候就一定都是手机了,我在向外取的时候,就只会给客户苹果手机,这样。就是一个合理的过程了。

比较能理解接口泛型,和方法泛型,至于类上面的泛型完全可以通过 参数传过来,没想好。这个 例程做的也比较奇怪,希望可以一起讨论。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/letben/p/5184014.html