[Spring Framework]学习笔记--Dependency injection(DI)

1. 通过构造函数实现DI

简单类型实例

package examples;

public class ExampleBean {

    // Number of years to calculate the Ultimate Answer
    private int years;

    // The Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything
    private String ultimateAnswer;
  
  //如果不能在debug模式下进行编译,必须要加下面一行。针对下面的方式3,通过参数名字。
  @ConstructorProperties({"years", "ultimateAnswer"})
public ExampleBean(int years, String ultimateAnswer) {
        this.years = years;
        this.ultimateAnswer = ultimateAnswer;
    }

}

相应的xml配置为

<bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean">

  //方式1,通过类型,如果存在两个参数同类型的话,不行。 <constructor-arg type="int" value="7500000"/> <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="42"/>

  //方式2,通过参数位置。
    <constructor-arg index="0" value="7500000"/>
    <constructor-arg index="1" value="42"/>

  //方式3,通过参数名字。
    <constructor-arg name="years" value="7500000"/>
    <constructor-arg name="ultimateAnswer" value="42"/>
</bean>

对象类型实例

package x.y;

public class Foo {

    public Foo(Bar bar, Baz baz) {
        // ...
    }

}

xml配置

<beans>
    <bean id="foo" class="x.y.Foo">
        <constructor-arg ref="bar"/>
        <constructor-arg ref="baz"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="bar" class="x.y.Bar"/>

    <bean id="baz" class="x.y.Baz"/>
</beans>

参数也可以像下面这样指定

    <constructor-arg>
        <ref bean="bar"/>
    </constructor-arg>

如果是通过工厂模式,可以采用下面的方式

<bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean" factory-method="createInstance">
    <constructor-arg ref="anotherExampleBean"/>
    <constructor-arg ref="yetAnotherBean"/>
    <constructor-arg value="1"/>
</bean>

<bean id="anotherExampleBean" class="examples.AnotherBean"/>
<bean id="yetAnotherBean" class="examples.YetAnotherBean"/>
public class ExampleBean {

    // a private constructor
    private ExampleBean(...) {
        ...
    }

    // a static factory method; the arguments to this method can be
    // considered the dependencies of the bean that is returned,
    // regardless of how those arguments are actually used.
    public static ExampleBean createInstance (
        AnotherBean anotherBean, YetAnotherBean yetAnotherBean, int i) {

        ExampleBean eb = new ExampleBean (...);
        // some other operations...
        return eb;
    }

}

2. 通过set方法来实现DI

<bean id="exampleBean" class="examples.ExampleBean">
    <!-- setter injection using the nested ref element -->
    <property name="beanOne">
        <ref bean="anotherExampleBean"/>
    </property>

    <!-- setter injection using the neater ref attribute -->
    <property name="beanTwo" ref="yetAnotherBean"/>
    <property name="integerProperty" value="1"/>
</bean>

<bean id="anotherExampleBean" class="examples.AnotherBean"/>
<bean id="yetAnotherBean" class="examples.YetAnotherBean"/>

注:property的name是和set方法中的名字一致的。

public class ExampleBean {

    private AnotherBean beanOne;
    private YetAnotherBean beanTwo;
    private int i;

    public void setBeanOne(AnotherBean beanOne) {
        this.beanOne = beanOne;
    }

    public void setBeanTwo(YetAnotherBean beanTwo) {
        this.beanTwo = beanTwo;
    }

    public void setIntegerProperty(int i) {
        this.i = i;
    }

}

总结:在我们日常的工程中,上面两种方式如何使用呢?

可以从需要来看,如果这个属性是必须的,那就放在构造函数中;如果是可选的,那就用set的方式好了。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lemonbar/p/3896863.html