一、获取HTTP协议：
建立一个Web项目，建立一个如下所示的jsp界面，用IE捕获表单提交信息。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/FileUpload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="text" name="name" > <br> <input type="file" name="file1"> <br> <input type="file" name="file2"> <br> <input type="submit" value=" submit "> </form> </body> </html>
通过IE捕获信息如下：
POST /Simple/FileUpload HTTP/1.1 Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/QVOD, application/QVOD, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */* Referer: http://192.168.8.103:8080/Simple/1.jsp Accept-Language: zh-cn User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; YYGameAll_1.2.167057.92; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; GTB6.4; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.648; .NET CLR 3.5.21022; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET4.0C) Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------7dd2ce2338056a Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Host: 192.168.8.103:8080 Content-Length: 3940 Connection: Keep-Alive Cache-Control: no-cache Cookie: JSESSIONID=B497923BC243F5507DEF27912E36A5FF -----------------------------7dd2ce2338056a Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name" 123456 -----------------------------7dd2ce2338056a Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file2"; filename="1.txt" Content-Type: text/plain 1.内容和Content-Type之间有一个换行，分隔符“ -----------------------------7dd2ce2338056a” 所有内存传输完成之后，会加一个结束行“-----------------------------7dd2ce2338056a--” -----------------------------7dd2ce2338056a--
二、文件上传代码实现：
在进行文件上传时，如果用Socket就需要将上面的HTTP请求头写出去，可以通过socket.getOutputStream()获取输出流对象，进而将数据写出去。如果采用HttpURLConnection相对Socket就简单些，可以通过类似con.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive")就可以讲请求头添加进去。下面采用两种方法实现
文件上传，Socket和HttpURLConnection.
package com.example.util; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; public class SocketHttpRequester { /** * 直接通过HTTP协议提交数据到服务器,实现如下面表单提交功能: <FORM METHOD=POST * ACTION="http://192.168.0.200:8080/ssi/fileload/test.do" * enctype="multipart/form-data"> <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name"> <INPUT * TYPE="text" NAME="id"> <input type="file" name="imagefile"/> <input * type="file" name="zip"/> </FORM> * * @param path * 上传路径(注：避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试， * 因为它会指向手机模拟器，你可以使用http://www.itcast.cn或http://192.168.1.10:8080 * 这样的路径测试) * @param params * 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值 * @param file * 上传文件 */ public static boolean post(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile[] files) throws Exception { final String BOUNDARY = "---------------------------7da2137580612"; // 数据分隔线 final String endline = "--" + BOUNDARY + "-- ";// 数据结束标志//注意回车换行部分 int fileDataLength = 0; for (FormFile uploadFile : files) {// 得到文件类型数据的总长度 StringBuilder fileExplain = new StringBuilder(); fileExplain.append("--"); fileExplain.append(BOUNDARY); fileExplain.append(" "); // 以上部分用来完成分割线: -----------------------------7dd33a32e07fc // 注意这里的回车换行 fileExplain.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name="" + uploadFile.getParameterName() + "";filename="" + uploadFile.getFilename() + "" "); fileExplain.append("Content-Type: " + uploadFile.getContentType() + " "); // 上面两行用来 /* * Content-Disposition: form-data; name="videofile"; * filename="2.png" Content-Type: image/jpeg */ fileDataLength += fileExplain.length(); /* * //通过上面就可以计算下面这个部分的总长度了 -----------------------------7dd33a32e07fc * Content-Disposition: form-data; name="videofile"; * filename="2.png" Content-Type: image/jpeg */ if (uploadFile.getInStream() != null) { fileDataLength += uploadFile.getFile().length(); } else { fileDataLength += uploadFile.getData().length; } fileDataLength += " ".length(); } StringBuilder textEntity = new StringBuilder(); for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {// 构造文本类型参数的实体数据 textEntity.append("--"); textEntity.append(BOUNDARY); textEntity.append(" "); textEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name="" + entry.getKey() + "" "); textEntity.append(entry.getValue()); textEntity.append(" "); } // 计算传输给服务器的实体数据总长度 int dataLength = textEntity.toString().getBytes().length + fileDataLength + endline.getBytes().length; URL url = new URL(path); int port = url.getPort() == -1 ? 80 : url.getPort(); // 这里没有用HttpUrlConnection来做,而是直接用socket来做 // 因为HttpUrlConnection使用了缓冲技术,通过这个类给web,应用发送文件的时候 // 这个时候文件首先写入到缓冲里面,很可能导致内存溢出的情况. // Socket比HttpUrlConnection底层,没有缓冲区限制 Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName(url.getHost()), port); OutputStream outStream = socket.getOutputStream(); // 下面完成HTTP请求头的发送 String requestmethod = "POST " + url.getPath() + " HTTP/1.1 "; outStream.write(requestmethod.getBytes()); String accept = "Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */* "; outStream.write(accept.getBytes()); String language = "Accept-Language: zh-CN "; outStream.write(language.getBytes()); String contenttype = "Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY + " "; outStream.write(contenttype.getBytes()); String contentlength = "Content-Length: " + dataLength + " "; outStream.write(contentlength.getBytes()); String alive = "Connection: Keep-Alive "; outStream.write(alive.getBytes()); String host = "Host: " + url.getHost() + ":" + port + " "; outStream.write(host.getBytes()); // 写完HTTP请求头后根据HTTP协议再写一个回车换行 outStream.write(" ".getBytes()); // 把所有文本类型的实体数据发送出来 outStream.write(textEntity.toString().getBytes()); // 把所有文件类型的实体数据发送出来 for (FormFile uploadFile : files) { StringBuilder fileEntity = new StringBuilder(); fileEntity.append("--"); fileEntity.append(BOUNDARY); fileEntity.append(" "); fileEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name="" + uploadFile.getParameterName() + "";filename="" + uploadFile.getFilename() + "" "); fileEntity.append("Content-Type: " + uploadFile.getContentType() + " "); outStream.write(fileEntity.toString().getBytes()); // 大文件 if (uploadFile.getInStream() != null) { byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = 0; while ((len = uploadFile.getInStream().read(buffer, 0, 1024)) != -1) { outStream.write(buffer, 0, len); } uploadFile.getInStream().close(); } else {// 小文件 outStream.write(uploadFile.getData(), 0, uploadFile.getData().length); } outStream.write(" ".getBytes()); } // 下面发送数据结束标志，表示数据已经结束 outStream.write(endline.getBytes()); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( socket.getInputStream())); if (reader.readLine().indexOf("200") == -1) {// 读取web服务器返回的数据，判断请求码是否为200，如果不是200，代表请求失败 return false; } outStream.flush(); outStream.close(); reader.close(); socket.close(); return true; } //单个文件 public static boolean post(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile file) throws Exception { return post(path, params, new FormFile[] { file }); } //单个文件 public static boolean uploadFile(String path,Map<String, String> params,File file,String encode) { return uploadFile(path, params, new File[]{file}, encode); } /** * * @param path 访问路径 * @param params 简单参数 * @param files 上传的文件 * @param encode 编码 * @return */ public static boolean uploadFile(String path,Map<String, String> params,File[] files,String encode) { BufferedInputStream inputStream = null; HttpURLConnection con =null; DataOutputStream ds = null; try { String end = " ";//换行 String twoHyphens = "--";//内容分割线多了两个“--” String boundary = "---------------------------7dd2ce2338056a";// 分割线 URL url = new URL(path); con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); /* 允许Input、Output，不使用Cache */ con.setDoInput(true); con.setDoOutput(true); con.setUseCaches(false); /* 设置传送的method=POST */ con.setRequestMethod("POST"); /* setRequestProperty */ con.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); con.setRequestProperty("Charset", encode); con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data;boundary="+ boundary); /* 设置DataOutputStream */ ds = new DataOutputStream(con.getOutputStream()); //简单请求参数 if(params!=null){ for (String paramName : params.keySet()) { ds.writeBytes(twoHyphens + boundary + end); ds.writeBytes("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=""+paramName+"""+end); ds.writeBytes(end); ds.writeBytes(params.get(paramName)); ds.writeBytes(end); } } //上传文件 int count=1; if(files!=null && files.length>0){ for (File file : files) { ds.writeBytes(twoHyphens + boundary + end); ds.writeBytes("Content-Disposition: form-data; " + "name="file"+count+"";filename="" + file.getName() + """ + end); ds.writeBytes(end); /* 取得文件的FileInputStream */ inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)); /* 设置每次写入1024bytes */ byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int length = -1; /* 从文件读取数据至缓冲区 */ while ((length = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) { ds.write(buffer, 0, length); } ds.writeBytes(end); } count++; } ds.writeBytes(twoHyphens + boundary + twoHyphens + end); if (con.getResponseCode() == 200) { return true; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ if(inputStream!=null){ try { inputStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { inputStream=null; } } if(ds!=null){ try { ds.close(); } catch (IOException e) { ds=null; } } if(con!=null){ con.disconnect(); } } return false; } /** * HttpClient提交数据到服务器 * * @param path * http://192.168.8.101:8080/Simple/FileUpload * @param params * 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值 * @param encode * 编码 */ public static byte[] postFromHttpClient(String path, Map<String, String> params, String encode) throws Exception { List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();// 用于存放请求参数 for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) { formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry .getValue())); } UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, encode); HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(path); httppost.setEntity(entity); HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();// 看作是浏览器 HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);// 发送post请求 return readStream(response.getEntity().getContent()); } /** * HttpURLConnection发送请求，服务器返回流对象，可以用于下载服务器的资源 * * @param path * 请求路径 * @param params * 请求参数 key为参数名称 value为参数值 * @param encode * 请求参数的编码 */ public static byte[] post(String path, Map<String, String> params, String encode) throws Exception { // String params = "method=save&name="+ URLEncoder.encode("老毕", // "UTF-8")+ "&age=28&";//需要发送的参数 StringBuilder parambuilder = new StringBuilder(""); if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) { for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) { parambuilder.append(entry.getKey()).append("=") .append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), encode)) .append("&"); } parambuilder.deleteCharAt(parambuilder.length() - 1); } byte[] data = parambuilder.toString().getBytes(); URL url = new URL(path); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setDoOutput(true);// 允许对外发送请求参数 conn.setUseCaches(false);// 不进行缓存 conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000); conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 下面设置http请求头 conn.setRequestProperty( "Accept", "image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*"); conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN"); conn.setRequestProperty( "User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.2; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)"); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length)); conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); // 发送参数 DataOutputStream outStream = new DataOutputStream( conn.getOutputStream()); outStream.write(data);// 把参数发送出去 outStream.flush(); outStream.close(); if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) { return readStream(conn.getInputStream()); } return null; } /** * 读取流 * * @param inStream * @return 字节数组 * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] readStream(InputStream inStream) throws Exception { ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = -1; while ((len = inStream.read(buffer)) != -1) { outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len); } outSteam.close(); inStream.close(); return outSteam.toByteArray(); } }
FormFile类
package com.example.util; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.InputStream; public class FormFile { //上传文件的数据 private byte[] data; private InputStream inStream; private File file; //文件名称 private String filename; //请求参数名称 private String parameterName; //内容类型 private String contentType="application/octet-stream"; /** * 针对上传文件比较小 * @param data 文件内容 * @param filename 文件名称 * @param parameterName 请求参数名称 * @param contentType 内容类型 */ public FormFile(byte[] data, String filename, String parameterName, String contentType) { this.data = data; this.filename = filename; this.parameterName = parameterName; if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType; } /** * 针对比较大的文件 * @param file 传一个文件对象 * @param parameterName 请求参数名称 * @param contentType 内容类型 */ public FormFile(File file, String parameterName, String contentType) { this.file = file; this.filename=file.getName(); this.parameterName = parameterName; if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType; try { this.inStream = new FileInputStream(file); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public byte[] getData() { return data; } public void setData(byte[] data) { this.data = data; } public InputStream getInStream() { return inStream; } public void setInStream(InputStream inStream) { this.inStream = inStream; } public File getFile() { return file; } public void setFile(File file) { this.file = file; } public String getFilename() { return filename; } public void setFilename(String filename) { this.filename = filename; } public String getParameterName() { return parameterName; } public void setParameterName(String parameterName) { this.parameterName = parameterName; } public String getContentType() { return contentType; } public void setContentType(String contentType) { this.contentType = contentType; } }
三、单元测试：
public void testPost2()throws Exception{ String path="http://192.168.8.101:8080/Simple/FileUpload"; Map<String, String> map=new HashMap<String, String>(); map.put("username", "hello web"); FormFile[] formFiles=new FormFile[2]; formFiles[0] = new FormFile(new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"5.jpg"),"userimage","image/jpeg"); formFiles[1] = new FormFile(new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"5.png"),"userimage2","image/jpeg"); SocketHttpRequester.post(path, map, formFiles); } public void testPost3()throws Exception{ String path="http://192.168.8.101:8080/Simple/FileUpload"; Map<String, String> params=new HashMap<String, String>(); params.put("username", "hello web"); params.put("age", "12"); File[] files=new File[2]; files[0]=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"5.jpg"); files[1]=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"1.txt"); SocketHttpRequester.uploadFile(path,params,files,"UTF-8"); }
四、通过Get或Post方式提交请求参数到Web:
对于Get请求方式只需要将数据拼接到URL后面就可以，但是Get提交的数据长度有限，对于数据量比较大时，需要使用Post方式提交。下面是Post方式提交数据的HTTP响应头参数名称及值，对于Post请求需要将数据封装到“请求属性（RequestProperty）”上。从下面请求头信息可以看成，Post请求头和请求参数之间有换行（ ）。
下面是封装的Get和Post两种请求方式的封装类：
package com.example.service; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.util.Map; /** * 向web服务发送数据 * @author Administrator */ public class HTTPService { public static String contentType="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; /** * 发送post请求 * @param path 路径 * @param params 请求参数 * @param encoding 编码方式 * @return */ public static boolean sendPost(String path, Map<String, Object> params, String encoding) { try { StringBuffer sb = buildParams(params, encoding,false); byte[] data = sb.toString().getBytes(); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(path).openConnection(); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 允许对外输出数据 conn.setDoOutput(true); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",contentType); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length",String.valueOf(data.length)); OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream(); outputStream.write(data); if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) { // 可以通过 conn.getInputStream() 接收数据 return true; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return false; } /** * 发送get请求 * @param path * @param params * @param encoding * @return */ public static boolean sendGet(String path, Map<String, Object> params, String encoding) { try { StringBuffer sb = buildParams(params, encoding,true); path += sb.toString(); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(path).openConnection(); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) { // 可以通过 conn.getInputStream() 接收数据 return true; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return false; } /** * 组装参数 * * @param params * @param encoding * @return * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException */ private static StringBuffer buildParams(Map<String, Object> params, String encoding,boolean isGet) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); if (isGet) { sb.append("?"); } if (params != null) { for (String key : params.keySet()) { sb.append(key).append("="); sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(String.valueOf(params.get(key)), encoding)); sb.append("&"); } sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1); } return sb; } }
测试：
public class HttpGetPostTest extends AndroidTestCase { public void testGet()throws Exception{ String path="http://192.168.8.103:8080/Simple/PersonList"; Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<String, Object>(); params.put("name", "android get test..."); HTTPService.sendGet(path, params , "utf-8"); } public void testPost()throws Exception{ String path="http://192.168.8.103:8080/Simple/PersonList"; Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<String, Object>(); params.put("name", "android post test..."); HTTPService.sendPost(path, params , "utf-8"); } }