在linux系统下，用root用户采用dbstart脚本直接启动oracle服务或监听
第一个问题：启动服务的同时没有启动监听
[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle -c "dbstart"
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener
Usage: /oradata/oracle/112/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME
Processing Database instance "orcl": log file /oradata/oracle/112/startup.log
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener这个提示说明
启动oracle服务的同时没有启动oracle监听服务，因此如果想在启动oracle服务的同时i启动监听
就需要修改dbstart，将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER值设为$ORACLE_HOME(原来是为$1)
[root@localhost ~]# vi /oradata/oracle/112/bin/dbstart
注：dbshut一样的道理，如果想关闭数据库服务的同时关闭监听服务也是将dbshut文件中的ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER值设为$ORACLE_HOME
修改后再次执行dbstart
[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle -c "dbstart"
Processing Database instance "orcl": log file /oradata/oracle/112/startup.log
查看启动日志，发现提示权限不足
[root@localhost ~]# cat /oradata/oracle/112/startup.log
/oradata/oracle/112/bin/dbstart: Starting up database "orcl"
2012年 04月 14日 星期六 12:12:17 CST
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 14 12:12:17 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL> ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL>
/oradata/oracle/112/bin/dbstart: Database instance "orcl" warm started.
第二个问题：不同登录方式下权限的认证问题
直接手动登陆以sqlplus / as sysdba方式 登陆，提示权限不足
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 14 12:17:48 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus
但是如果先以sqlplus /nolog，在以sys用户登陆就可以
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 14 12:17:58 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn sys/xxx@orcl as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
修改sqlnet.ora文件，将SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=(NTS)这句话注释或值改为ALL
修改后再次直接以sqlplus / as sysdba方式登陆就可以了
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 14 12:26:44 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> exit
Disconnected
因此直接再次执行dbstart，这次成功启动oracle服务了
[oracle@localhost ~]$ su - oracle -c "dbstart"
口令：
Processing Database instance "orcl": log file /oradata/oracle/112/startup.log