iOS中发送HTTP请求的方案

在iOS中,常见的发送HTTP请求的方案有

苹果原生(自带)

  1. NSURLConnection:用法简单,最古老最经典的一种方案
  2. NSURLSession:功能比NSURLConnection更加强大,推荐使用这种技术(2013年推出)
  3. CFNetwork:NSURL的底层,纯C语言

第三方框架

  1. ASIHttpRequest:外号:“HTTP终结者”,功能及其强大,早已不维护
  2. AFNETworking:简单易用,提供了基本够用的常用功能,维护和使用者居多
  3. MKNetworkKit:简单易用,来自印度,维护使用者少

建议

为了提高开发效率,企业开发用的基本是第三方框架

一.使用NSURLConnection

NSURLConnection常见的发送请求方法有以下几种
 
//同步请求
+ (NSData *)sendSynchronousRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request returningResponse:(NSURLResponse **)response error:(NSError **)error;
//异步请求:根据对服务器返回数据的处理方式的不同,又可以分为2种
//block回调
+ (void)sendAsynchronousRequest:(NSURLRequest*) request  queue:(NSOperationQueue*) queue                                                  completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLResponse* response, NSData* data, NSError* connectionError)) handler;

//代理
- (id)initWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request delegate:(id)delegate;
+ (NSURLConnection*)connectionWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request delegate:(id)delegate;
- (id)initWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request delegate:(id)delegate startImmediately:(BOOL)startImmediately;

代理相关的方法

#pragma mark -NSURLConnectionDelegate - begin

/**
 请求失败(比如请求超时)
 */
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {
    
}

/**
 接收到服务器的响应
 */
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response {
    NSLog(@"didReceiverResponse");
    //初始化
    self.responseData = [NSMutableData data];
}

/**
 接收到服务器的数据(如果数据量比较大,这个方法会调用多次)
 */
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
    NSLog(@"didReceiveData - %zd",data.length);
    //拼接
    [self.responseData appendData:data];
}

/**
 服务器的数据成功,接收完毕
 */
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection {
    NSLog(@"connectionDidFinishLoading");
    //显示数据
    NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:self.responseData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSLog(@"%@",str);

}
View Code

 二.使用NSURLSession 

使用NSURLSession对象创建Task,然后执行Task

1.使用NSURLSessionDataTask

post请求

- (void)post {
    
    //获取NSURLSession对象
    NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
    
    //创建请求
    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://120.25.226.186:32812/resources/images/minion_01.png"]];
    request.HTTPMethod = @"POST";
    request.HTTPBody = [@"username=520it&pwd=520it" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    
    //创建任务
    NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        NSLog(@"%@",[NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:kNilOptions error:nil]);
    }];
    
    //启动任务
    [task resume];
    
}

get请求

- (void)get {
    NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
    
    NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [session dataTaskWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://120.25.226.186:32812/login?username=123&pwd=123"] completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        
        NSLog(@"%@",[NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:kNilOptions error:nil]);
        
    }];
    
    //启动
    [task resume];
}

 代理方法

 
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{

    NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration] delegate:self delegateQueue:[[NSOperationQueue alloc] init]];
    
    NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [session dataTaskWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://120.25.226.186:32812/login?username=123&pwd=123"]];
    
    //启动
    [task resume];
}

#pragma mark -<NSURLSessionDataDelegate>

/**
 * 1.接收到服务器的响应
 */
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionResponseDisposition))completionHandler {
    NSLog(@"----%s----",__func__);
    
    //允许处理服务器的响应
    completionHandler(NSURLSessionResponseAllow);
}


/**
 * 2.接收到服务器的数据(可能会被调用多次)
 */
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
    NSLog(@"----%s----",__func__);
}



/**
 * 3.请求成功或者失败(如果失败,error有值)
 */
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error {
    NSLog(@"----%s----",__func__);
}
View Code

二.使用AFNetworking框架

网址:https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking

AFHTTPRequestOperationManager内部包装了NSURLConnection

- (void)get {
    AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *mgr = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
    
    NSDictionary *params = @{
                             @"username" : @"520it",
                             @"pwd" : @"520it"
                             };
    
    [mgr GET:@"http://120.25.226.186:32812/login" parameters:params success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
        NSLog(@"请求成功----%@",[responseObject class]);
    } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
        NSLog(@"请求失败----%@",error);
    }];
}

AFHTTPSessionManager内部包装了NSURLSession 

- (void)get2 {
    
    //AFHTTPSessionManager内部包装了NSURLSession
    AFHTTPSessionManager *mgr = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
    
    NSDictionary *params = @{
                             @"username" : @"520it",
                             @"pwd" : @"520it"
                             };
    
    [mgr GET:@"http://120.25.226.186:32812/login" parameters:params success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, id responseObject) {
        NSLog(@"请求成功----%@",[responseObject class]);
        
    } failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask *task, NSError *error) {
        NSLog(@"请求失败----%@",error);
    }];
}

 AFN这个框架默认使用了JSON解析器,如果服务器返回的是XML格式的

你需要将框架中的解析器换成XML解析器

    AFHTTPSessionManager *mgr = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
    
    //responseSerializer 用来解析服务器返回的数据
    //告诉AFN 以XML形式解析服务器返回的数据
    mgr.responseSerializer = [AFXMLParserResponseSerializer serializer];
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/langji/p/5350404.html