爬取全部的校园新闻

作业要求来自于https://edu.cnblogs.com/campus/gzcc/GZCC-16SE2/homework/2941

1.从新闻url获取新闻详情：字典,anews

具体代码如下：

import pandas
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from datetime import datetime
import re

def click(url):
    id = re.findall('(d{1,5})',url)[-1]#返回所有匹配的字符串的字符串列表的最后一个
    clickUrl = 'http://oa.gzcc.cn/api.php?op=count&id={}&modelid=80'.format(id)
    resClick = requests.get(clickUrl)
    newsClick = int(resClick.text.split('.html')[-1].lstrip("('").rstrip("');"))
    return newsClick
#时间
def newsdt(showinfo):
    newsDate = showinfo.split()[0].split(':')[1]
    newsTime = showinfo.split()[1]
    newsDT = newsDate+' '+newsTime
    dt = datetime.strptime(newsDT,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')#转换成datetime类型
    return dt
#内容
def anews(url):
    newsDetail = {}
    res = requests.get(url)
    res.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    newsDetail['newsTitle'] = soup.select('.show-title')[0].text#题目
    showinfo = soup.select('.show-info')[0].text
    newsDetail['newsDT'] = newsdt(showinfo)#时间
    newsDetail['newsClick'] = click(newsUrl)#点击次数
    return newsDetail
newsUrl = 'http://news.gzcc.cn/html/2019/xiaoyuanxinwen_0404/11155.html'
print(anews(newsUrl))

anews

结果如下：

2.从列表页的url获取新闻url：列表append(字典) alist

具体代码如下：

import pandas
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from datetime import datetime
import re

def click(url):
    id = re.findall('(d{1,5})',url)[-1]#返回所有匹配的字符串的字符串列表的最后一个
    clickUrl = 'http://oa.gzcc.cn/api.php?op=count&id={}&modelid=80'.format(id)
    resClick = requests.get(clickUrl)
    newsClick = int(resClick.text.split('.html')[-1].lstrip("('").rstrip("');"))
    return newsClick

def newsdt(showinfo):
    newsDate = showinfo.split()[0].split(':')[1]
    newsTime = showinfo.split()[1]
    newsDT = newsDate+' '+newsTime
    dt = datetime.strptime(newsDT,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')#转换成datetime类型
    return dt

def anews(url):
    newsDetail = {}
    res = requests.get(url)
    res.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
    newsDetail['newsTitle'] = soup.select('.show-title')[0].text#题目
    showinfo = soup.select('.show-info')[0].text
    newsDetail['newsDT'] = newsdt(showinfo)#时间
    newsDetail['newsClick'] = click(newsUrl)#点击次数
    return newsDetail

def alist(url):
    res = requests.get(listUrl)
    res.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')
    newsList = []
    for news in soup.select('li'):#获取li元素
        if len(news.select('.news-list-title'))>0:#如果存在新闻题目
            newsUrl = news.select('a')[0]['href']#获取新闻的链接
            newsDesc = news.select('.news-list-description')[0].text#获取摘要文本
            newsDict = anews(newsUrl)#通过链接获取题目时间点击数
            newsDict['description'] = newsDesc
            newsList.append(newsDict)#把每个新闻的信息放进字典扩展到列表里
    return newsList
listUrl = 'http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/'
print(alist(listUrl))

alist

结果如下：

3.生成所页列表页的url并获取全部新闻：列表extend(列表) allnews

*每个同学爬学号尾数开始的10个列表页

具体代码如下：

def alist(url):
    res = requests.get(listUrl)
    res.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')
    newsList = []
    for news in soup.select('li'):#获取li元素
        if len(news.select('.news-list-title'))>0:#如果存在新闻题目
            newsUrl = news.select('a')[0]['href']#获取新闻的链接
            newsDesc = news.select('.news-list-description')[0].text#获取摘要文本
            newsDict = anews(newsUrl)#通过链接获取题目时间点击数
            newsDict['description'] = newsDesc
            newsList.append(newsDict)#把每个新闻的信息放进字典扩展到列表里
    return newsList
listUrl = 'http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/'
print(alist(listUrl))

allnews = []
for i in range(105,115):
    listUrl = 'http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/{}.html'.format(i)
    allnews.extend(alist(listUrl))
print(len(allnews))

allnews

结果如下：

4.设置合理的爬取间隔

import time

import random

time.sleep(random.random()*3)

具体代码如下：

import time
import random
for i in range(5):
    print(i)
    time.sleep(random.random()*3)#沉睡随机数的3倍秒数
print(allnews)

爬取间隔

结果如下：

5.用pandas做简单的数据处理并保存

保存到csv或excel文件

newsdf.to_csv(r'F:duym爬虫gzccnews.csv')

保存到数据库

import sqlite3
with sqlite3.connect('gzccnewsdb.sqlite') as db:
newsdf.to_sql('gzccnewsdb',db)

具体代码如下：

import pandas as pd
s2 = pd.Series(anews(newsUrl))#一维数组对象
print(s2)
newsdf = pd.DataFrame(allnews)#表格型的数据结构
print(newsdf)
print(newsdf.sort_values(by=['newsDT'],ascending=False))#按更新时间降序排列
print(newsdf.sort_index(by=['newsClick'],ascending=False))#按点击量降序排列

newsdf.to_csv(r'gzccnews.csv')
import sqlite3
with sqlite3.connect('gzccnewsdb.sqlite') as db:
    newsdf.to_sql('gzccnewsdb',db)
with sqlite3.connect('gzccnewsdb.sqlite') as db:
    df2 = pandas.read_sql_query('SELECT * FROM gzccnewsdb',con=db)
print(df2[df2['newsClick']>385])

csv和数据库

结果如下：

csv

数据库