【Java EE 学习 16 上】【dbcp数据库连接池】【c3p0数据库连接池】

一、回顾之前使用的动态代理的方式实现的数据库连接池:

代码:

 1 package day16.utils;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
 5 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 6 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
 7 import java.sql.Connection;
 8 import java.sql.DriverManager;
 9 import java.sql.SQLException;
10 import java.util.LinkedList;
11 import java.util.Properties;
12 
13 public class JDBCUtils {
14     private static LinkedList<Connection>pool=new LinkedList<Connection>();//定义连接池,使用LinkedList能提高效率
15     static{
16         Properties properties=new Properties();
17         try {
18             properties.load(JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.properties"));
19             String driver=properties.getProperty("driver");
20             String username=properties.getProperty("username");
21             String password=properties.getProperty("password");
22             String url=properties.getProperty("url");
23             int connectionMaxNum=Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("connectionMaxNum"));
24             Class.forName(driver);
25             for(int i=0;i<connectionMaxNum;i++)
26             {
27                 final Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
28                 //关键的一步:进行代理设置。
29                 Object proxy=Proxy.newProxyInstance(
30                         JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader()
31                         , new Class[]{Connection.class}, 
32                         new InvocationHandler() {
33                             @Override
34                             public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
35                                     throws Throwable {
36                                 //如果调用了close方法,则不要关闭连接,而应当将连接回收。
37                                 if(method.getName().equals("close"))
38                                 {
39                                     synchronized(pool)
40                                     {
41                                         pool.addLast((Connection) proxy);//这里进行强制转换
42                                         System.out.println("调用了close方法!回收 "+proxy+" ,剩余连接数为"+pool.size());
43                                         pool.notify();//从等待池中唤醒任意一条线程
44                                     }
45                                     return null;//返回值是null表名拦截该方法的执行。这里的return位置非常重要,一不小心就会是的创建反射对象失败
46                                 }
47                                 //如果调用了其他的方法,则要放行
48                                 else
49                                 {
50                                     System.out.println("调用了 "+method.getName()+" 方法,放行!");
51                                     return method.invoke(conn, args);//注意这里的对象是conn,而不是其它对象
52                                 }
53                             }
54                         });
55 //                System.out.println(proxy);
56                 pool.addLast((Connection) proxy);//这里添加的一定是被代理的对象
57             }
58             System.out.println(pool);
59         } catch (IOException e) {
60             e.printStackTrace();
61         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
62             e.printStackTrace();
63         } catch (SQLException e) {
64             e.printStackTrace();
65         }
66     }
67     //获得连接对象的方法
68     public static Connection getConnection()
69     {
70         synchronized (pool) {
71             if(pool.size()==0)
72             {
73                 System.out.println("连接池中没有可用连接,等待中------------");
74                 try {
75                     pool.wait();//等待的方式,使用的是pool*************************
76                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
77                     e.printStackTrace();
78                 }
79                 return getConnection();//递归调用该方法目的是解锁之后重新获得连接
80             }
81             else
82             {
83                 Connection conn=pool.removeFirst();
84                 System.out.println("分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为"+pool.size());
85                 return conn;
86             }
87         }
88     }
89 }
JDBCUtils.java

测试:

public void testByProxy() throws SQLException
    {
        Connection conn1=JDBCUtils.getConnection();
        Connection conn2=JDBCUtils.getConnection();
        Connection conn3=JDBCUtils.getConnection();
        conn1.close();
        Connection conn4=JDBCUtils.getConnection();
    }
测试代码

运行结果:

调用了 toString 方法,放行!
调用了 toString 方法,放行!
调用了 toString 方法,放行!
[com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@9c7650, com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@1b9c3f, com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@af28ad]
分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为2
分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为1
分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为0
调用了 toString 方法,放行!
调用了close方法!回收 com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@9c7650 ,剩余连接数为1
分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为0
运行结果

和之前的相比有些改进:连接池使用LinkedList,效率更高。

功能增强的方式有两种:

  1.使用动态代理的方式

  2.使用包装的方式

实际上实现数据库连接池只需要实现一个接口:DataSource,然后改连接池就实现了标准化~

二、使用动态代理实现数据库连接池。

1.数据库连接池动态代理实现方式

package day16.utils;
//实现DataSource接口使用反射机制实现数据库连接池。
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

public class DBCPPools implements DataSource{
    private  LinkedList<Connection>pools=new LinkedList<Connection>();
    public DBCPPools()
    {
        try {
            Properties config=new Properties();
            config.load(DBCPPools.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.properties"));
            Class.forName(config.getProperty("driver"));
            String url=config.getProperty("url");
            String username=config.getProperty("username");
            String password=config.getProperty("password");
            for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
            {
                final Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
                Object proxy=Proxy.newProxyInstance(
                        DBCPPools.class.getClassLoader(),
                        new Class[]{Connection.class}, 
                        new InvocationHandler() {
                            @Override
                            public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
                                    throws Throwable {
                                if(method.getName().equals("close"))
                                {
                                    synchronized(pools)
                                    {
                                        pools.addLast((Connection) proxy);
                                        System.out.println("调用了close方法!回收 "+proxy+" ,剩余连接数为"+pools.size());
                                        pools.notify();
                                    }
                                    return null;
                                }
                                else
                                {
//                                    System.out.println(proxy(这里不能写上proxy,否则异常报出!!!!为什么????)+"调用了 "+method.getName()+" 方法,放行!");
                                    System.out.println("调用了 "+method.getName()+" 方法,放行!");
                                    return method.invoke(conn, args);
                                }
                            }
                        });
                pools.add((Connection) proxy);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //最重要的是实现这个方法。
    @Override
    public  Connection getConnection(){
        synchronized(pools)
        {
            if(pools.size()==0)
            {
                System.out.println("连接池中没有可用连接,等待中------------");
                try {
                    pools.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                return getConnection();
            }
            else
            {
                Connection conn=pools.removeFirst();
                System.out.println("分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为"+pools.size());
                return conn;
            }
        }
    }
    @Override
    public PrintWriter getLogWriter() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }
    @Override
    public void setLogWriter(PrintWriter out) throws SQLException {
    }
    @Override
    public void setLoginTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException {
    }
    @Override
    public int getLoginTimeout() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }
    @Override
    public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }
    @Override
    public Connection getConnection(String username, String password)
            throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }
    @Override
    public Logger getParentLogger() throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException {
        return null;
    }
}
DBCPPools.java

2.测试代码

public void testImplementsDataSourceInterfaceByProxy() throws SQLException
    {
        DBCPPools pool=new DBCPPools();
        Connection conn1=pool.getConnection();
        System.out.println(conn1);
        System.out.println();
        
        Connection conn2=pool.getConnection();
        System.out.println(conn2);
        System.out.println();
        
        Connection conn3=pool.getConnection();
        System.out.println(conn3);
        System.out.println();
//        conn1.close();//如果这里没有注释掉,则可以拿到第四条连接,连接池大小默认为3
        Connection conn4=pool.getConnection();//第四条连接因为拿不到连接而进入等待池中。
        System.out.println(conn4);
    }

运行结果:

分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为2
调用了 toString 方法,放行!
com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@46530

分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为1
调用了 toString 方法,放行!
com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@8f5f75

分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为0
调用了 toString 方法,放行!
com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@c3feb6

连接池中没有可用连接,等待中------------

将关闭连接的代码放开:

分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为2
调用了 toString 方法,放行!
com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@912767

分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为1
调用了 toString 方法,放行!
com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@1b1ebe5

分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为0
调用了 toString 方法,放行!
com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@1f61490

调用了 toString 方法,放行!
调用了close方法!回收 com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@912767 ,剩余连接数为1
分配一条连接,剩余连接数目为0
调用了 toString 方法,放行!
com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@912767

三、使用包装的方法实现自定义数据库连接池

  1.包装对象:Connection类,这里作为数据库连接池的一个内部类(MyConnection)。

  2.使用包装的方法实现的数据库连接池:

  1 package day16.utils;
  2 
  3 import java.io.PrintWriter;
  4 import java.sql.Array;
  5 import java.sql.Blob;
  6 import java.sql.CallableStatement;
  7 import java.sql.Clob;
  8 import java.sql.Connection;
  9 import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
 10 import java.sql.DriverManager;
 11 import java.sql.NClob;
 12 import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
 13 import java.sql.SQLClientInfoException;
 14 import java.sql.SQLException;
 15 import java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException;
 16 import java.sql.SQLWarning;
 17 import java.sql.SQLXML;
 18 import java.sql.Savepoint;
 19 import java.sql.Statement;
 20 import java.sql.Struct;
 21 import java.util.LinkedList;
 22 import java.util.Map;
 23 import java.util.Properties;
 24 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 25 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 26 
 27 import javax.sql.DataSource;
 28 
 29 //测试使用包装的方法定义一个数据库连接池
 30 public class MyDBCPpool implements DataSource{
 31     private LinkedList<Connection> pool =new LinkedList<Connection>();
 32     public MyDBCPpool()
 33     {
 34         Properties properties=new Properties();
 35         try {
 36             properties.load(JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.properties"));
 37             String driver=properties.getProperty("driver");
 38             String username=properties.getProperty("username");
 39             String password=properties.getProperty("password");
 40             String url=properties.getProperty("url");
 41             int connectionMaxNum=Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("connectionMaxNum"));
 42             Class.forName(driver);
 43             for(int i=0;i<connectionMaxNum;i++)
 44             {
 45                 Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
 46                 MyConnection connection =new MyConnection(conn);
 47                 pool.addLast(connection);
 48             }
 49         }
 50         catch(Exception e)
 51         {
 52             e.printStackTrace();
 53         }
 54     }
 55     @Override
 56     public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
 57         System.out.println(pool);
 58         synchronized(pool)
 59         {
 60             if(pool.size()==0)
 61             {
 62                 try {
 63                     pool.wait();
 64                 } catch (InterruptedException e) {
 65                     e.printStackTrace();
 66                 }
 67                 return getConnection();
 68             }
 69             else
 70             {
 71                 Connection conn=pool.removeFirst();
 72                 System.out.println("分配出一条连接:"+conn+" 剩余"+pool.size()+" 条连接!");
 73                 return conn;
 74             }
 75         }
 76     }
 77     @Override
 78     public Connection getConnection(String username, String password)
 79             throws SQLException {
 80         return null;
 81     }
 82     @Override
 83     public PrintWriter getLogWriter() throws SQLException {
 84         return null;
 85     }
 86     @Override
 87     public void setLogWriter(PrintWriter out) throws SQLException {
 88     }
 89     @Override
 90     public void setLoginTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException {
 91     }
 92     @Override
 93     public int getLoginTimeout() throws SQLException {
 94         return 0;
 95     }
 96 //    @Override
 97     public Logger getParentLogger() throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException {
 98         return null;
 99     }
100     @Override
101     public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
102         return null;
103     }
104     @Override
105     public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
106         return false;
107     }
108     class MyConnection implements Connection
109     {
110         private Connection conn;
111         public MyConnection(Connection conn){
112             this.conn=conn;
113         }
114         //重写close方法
115         @Override
116         public void close() throws SQLException {
117             synchronized(pool)
118             {120                 pool.addLast(this);
            System.out.println(this+"还连接!剩余连接数:"+pool.size());
121 pool.notify(); 122 } 123 } 124 @Override 125 public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException { 126 return conn.unwrap(iface); 127 } 128 @Override 129 public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException { 130 return conn.isWrapperFor(iface); 131 } 132 @Override 133 public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException { 134 return conn.createStatement(); 135 } 136 @Override 137 public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) 138 throws SQLException { 139 return conn.prepareStatement(sql); 140 } 141 @Override 142 public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException { 143 return conn.prepareCall(sql); 144 } 145 @Override 146 public String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException { 147 return conn.nativeSQL(sql); 148 } 149 @Override 150 public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException { 151 conn.setAutoCommit(autoCommit); 152 } 153 @Override 154 public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException { 155 return conn.getAutoCommit(); 156 } 157 @Override 158 public void commit() throws SQLException { 159 conn.commit(); 160 } 161 @Override 162 public void rollback() throws SQLException { 163 conn.rollback(); 164 } 165 @Override 166 public boolean isClosed() throws SQLException { 167 return conn.isClosed(); 168 } 169 @Override 170 public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException { 171 return conn.getMetaData(); 172 } 173 @Override 174 public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException { 175 conn.setReadOnly(readOnly); 176 } 177 @Override 178 public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException { 179 return conn.isReadOnly(); 180 } 181 @Override 182 public void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException { 183 conn.setCatalog(catalog); 184 } 185 @Override 186 public String getCatalog() throws SQLException { 187 return conn.getCatalog(); 188 } 189 @Override 190 public void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException { 191 conn.setTransactionIsolation(level); 192 } 193 @Override 194 public int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException { 195 return conn.getTransactionIsolation(); 196 } 197 @Override 198 public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException { 199 return conn.getWarnings(); 200 } 201 @Override 202 public void clearWarnings() throws SQLException { 203 conn.clearWarnings(); 204 } 205 @Override 206 public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, 207 int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException { 208 return conn.createStatement(resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency); 209 } 210 @Override 211 public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, 212 int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) 213 throws SQLException { 214 return conn.prepareStatement(sql, resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency); 215 } 216 @Override 217 public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, 218 int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException { 219 return conn.prepareCall(sql, resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency); 220 } 221 @Override 222 public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException { 223 return conn.getTypeMap(); 224 } 225 @Override 226 public void setTypeMap(Map<String, Class<?>> map) throws SQLException { 227 conn.setTypeMap(map); 228 } 229 @Override 230 public void setHoldability(int holdability) throws SQLException { 231 conn.setHoldability(holdability); 232 } 233 @Override 234 public int getHoldability() throws SQLException { 235 return conn.getHoldability(); 236 } 237 @Override 238 public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException { 239 return conn.setSavepoint(); 240 } 241 @Override 242 public Savepoint setSavepoint(String name) throws SQLException { 243 return conn.setSavepoint(name); 244 } 245 @Override 246 public void rollback(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException { 247 conn.rollback(savepoint); 248 } 249 @Override 250 public void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException { 251 conn.releaseSavepoint(savepoint); 252 } 253 @Override 254 public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, 255 int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) 256 throws SQLException { 257 return conn.createStatement(resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency, resultSetHoldability); 258 } 259 @Override 260 public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, 261 int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, 262 int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException { 263 return conn.prepareStatement(sql, resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency, resultSetHoldability); 264 } 265 @Override 266 public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, 267 int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) 268 throws SQLException { 269 return conn.prepareCall(sql, resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency, resultSetHoldability); 270 } 271 @Override 272 public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, 273 int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException { 274 return conn.prepareStatement(sql, autoGeneratedKeys); 275 } 276 @Override 277 public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, 278 int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException { 279 return conn.prepareStatement(sql, columnIndexes); 280 } 281 @Override 282 public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, 283 String[] columnNames) throws SQLException { 284 return conn.prepareStatement(sql, columnNames); 285 } 286 @Override 287 public Clob createClob() throws SQLException { 288 return conn.createClob(); 289 } 290 @Override 291 public Blob createBlob() throws SQLException { 292 return conn.createBlob(); 293 } 294 @Override 295 public NClob createNClob() throws SQLException { 296 return conn.createNClob(); 297 } 298 @Override 299 public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException { 300 return conn.createSQLXML(); 301 } 302 @Override 303 public boolean isValid(int timeout) throws SQLException { 304 return conn.isValid(timeout); 305 } 306 @Override 307 public void setClientInfo(String name, String value) 308 throws SQLClientInfoException { 309 conn.setClientInfo(name, value); 310 } 311 @Override 312 public void setClientInfo(Properties properties) 313 throws SQLClientInfoException { 314 conn.setClientInfo(properties); 315 } 316 @Override 317 public String getClientInfo(String name) throws SQLException { 318 return conn.getClientInfo(name); 319 } 320 @Override 321 public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException { 322 return conn.getClientInfo(); 323 } 324 @Override 325 public Array createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) 326 throws SQLException { 327 return conn.createArrayOf(typeName, elements); 328 } 329 @Override 330 public Struct createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes) 331 throws SQLException { 332 return conn.createStruct(typeName, attributes); 333 } 334 @Override 335 public void setSchema(String schema) throws SQLException { 336 } 337 @Override 338 public String getSchema() throws SQLException { 339 return conn.getSchema(); 340 } 341 @Override 342 public void abort(Executor executor) throws SQLException { 343 } 344 @Override 345 public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, int milliseconds) 346 throws SQLException { 347 } 348 @Override 349 public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException { 350 return conn.getNetworkTimeout(); 351 } 352 } 353 }

  3.和之前的相比有哪些改动?

    (1)将数据库连接池的初始化放在了构造方法中。

    (2)连接池中放的是重写的Connection对象。

    (3)没有使用动态代理,效率更高。

    (4)将重写的Connection类放到了连接池类的内部作为内部类使用。

  4.测试代码

public void testMyDBCPpool() throws SQLException
    {
        MyDBCPpool pool=new MyDBCPpool();
        Connection conn1=pool.getConnection();
        System.out.println(conn1);
        Connection conn2=pool.getConnection();
        System.out.println(conn2);
        Connection conn3=pool.getConnection();
        System.out.println(conn3);
        conn1.close();
        Connection conn4=pool.getConnection();//第四条连接因为拿不到连接而进入等待池中。
        System.out.println(conn4);
    }

  5.运行结果:

[day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@13f7cd2, day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@11c0042, day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@154fe09]
分配出一条连接:day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@13f7cd2 剩余2 条连接!
day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@13f7cd2
[day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@11c0042, day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@154fe09]
分配出一条连接:day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@11c0042 剩余1 条连接!
day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@11c0042
[day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@154fe09]
分配出一条连接:day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@154fe09 剩余0 条连接!
day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@154fe09
day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@13f7cd2还连接!剩余连接数:1
[day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@13f7cd2]
分配出一条连接:day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@13f7cd2 剩余0 条连接!
day16.utils.MyDBCPpool$MyConnection@13f7cd2

  分析和总结:实际上使用DBCP数据库连接池原理和这基本上差不多,所以该数据库连接池的名字为MyDBCPpool,下面开始进入正题。


 四、DBCP数据库连接池。

  1.需要的jar包

    commons-dbcp2-2.1.jar

    commons-logging-1.2.jar

    commons-pool2-2.4.1.jar

  2.数据源类:

   org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource,但是获取连接的时候使用的是

     org.apache.commons.dbcp2.PoolingDataSource

   Connection类:PoolGuardConnectionWrapper是PoolingDataSource的内部类。

  3.是否回收连接到连接池

   代码追踪:

   PoolGuardConnectionWrapper的close方法:

   

   super.close()调用的并非是Connection类的方法,而是org.apache.commons.dbcp2.DelegatingConnection类的方法。

    

  closeInternal方法

    

  _conn.close()调用的是Connection接口的方法。

    

  可见实际上真的将连接关闭掉了,而非回收到了连接池中。

  4.使用dbcp线程池但是不使用自定义工具类

    4.1不使用配置文件

 1 public void testDBCP() throws SQLException
 2     {
 3         BasicDataSource bds=new BasicDataSource();
 4         bds.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
 5         bds.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bms");
 6         bds.setUsername("root");
 7         bds.setPassword("5a6f38");
 8 //        bds.setInitialSize(3);
 9         bds.setMaxTotal(3);
10         Connection conn=bds.getConnection();
11 //        System.out.println(conn.hashCode());
12         System.out.println(conn);
13         Connection conn1=bds.getConnection();
14         System.out.println(conn1);
15 //        System.out.println(conn1.hashCode());
16         Connection conn2=bds.getConnection();
17         System.out.println(conn2);
18 //        System.out.println(conn2.hashCode());
19         conn.close();
20         Connection conn3=bds.getConnection();
21 //        System.out.println(conn3.hashCode());
22         System.out.println(conn3);
23     }

  运行结果:

25452873, URL=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bms, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver
11678023, URL=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bms, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver
8058664, URL=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bms, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver
15102604, URL=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bms, UserName=root@localhost, MySQL-AB JDBC Driver

  4.2使用配置文件(需要使用一个工厂类BasicDataSourceFactory

username=root
password=5a6f38
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
initialSize=3
maxTotal=3
#maxTotal的值默认是8,initialSize的值默认也是8
config_dbcp.properties
 1 public void testAutoConfigMethod()
 2     {
 3         try {
 4             Properties properties=new Properties();
 5             properties.load(Test2.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config_dbcp.properties"));
 6             DataSource ds=BasicDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
 7             Connection conn=ds.getConnection();
 8             System.out.println(conn);
 9             Connection conn1=ds.getConnection();
10             System.out.println(conn1);
11             Connection conn2=ds.getConnection();
12             System.out.println(conn2);
13             System.out.println("关闭一条连接之后:");
14             conn.close();
15             for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
16             {
17                 Connection c=ds.getConnection();
18                 System.out.println(c);
19             }
20         } catch (IOException e) {
21             e.printStackTrace();
22         } catch (Exception e) {
23             e.printStackTrace();
24         }
25     }

  在这里需要使用一个工厂类:BasicDataSourceFactory

  该工厂类可以根据配置文件创建一个数据源DataSource对象。

  5.定义工具类简化书写过程。

 1 package day16.regular.utils;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 import java.sql.Connection;
 5 import java.sql.SQLException;
 6 import java.util.Properties;
 7 
 8 import javax.sql.DataSource;
 9 
10 import org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSourceFactory;
11 
12 
13 //使用第三方jar包创建dbcp连接池
14 public class DataSourceUtils_DBCP {
15     private DataSourceUtils_DBCP(){}//使用私有修饰构造方法,可以防止创建对象,这样可以确保只有一个DataSource对象
16     private static DataSource ds;
17     static
18     {
19         Properties properties=new Properties();
20         try {
21             properties.load(DataSourceUtils_DBCP.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config_dbcp.properties"));
22             ds=BasicDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
23         } catch (IOException e) {
24             e.printStackTrace();
25         } catch (Exception e) {
26             e.printStackTrace();
27         }
28     }
29     public static Connection getConnection()
30     {
31         Connection conn=null;
32         try {
33             conn=ds.getConnection();
34         } catch (SQLException e) {
35             e.printStackTrace();
36         }
37         return conn;
38     }
39     public static DataSource getDataSource()
40     {
41         return ds;
42     }
43 }

五、c3p0数据库连接池。

  1.依赖包下载

  c3p0-0.9.5.jar

  mchange-commons-java-0.2.9.jar

  2.必须使用配置文件,名字必须为:c3p0-config.xml,位置必须在class路径下

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <c3p0-config>
 3     <!-- 默认配置,只可以出现一次 -->
 4     <default-config>
 5         <!-- 连接超时设置30秒 -->
 6         <property name="checkoutTimeout">30000</property>
 7         <!-- 30秒检查一次connection的空闲 -->
 8         <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod">30</property>
 9         <!--初始化的池大小 -->
10         <property name="initialPoolSize">2</property>
11         <!-- 最多的一个connection空闲时间 -->
12         <property name="maxIdleTime">30</property>
13         <!-- 最多可以有多少个连接connection -->
14         <property name="maxPoolSize">10</property>
15         <!-- 最少的池中有几个连接 -->
16         <property name="minPoolSize">2</property>
17         <!-- 批处理的语句-->
18         <property name="maxStatements">50</property>
19         <!-- 每次增长几个连接 -->
20         <property name="acquireIncrement">3</property>
21         <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
22         <property name="jdbcUrl">
23             <![CDATA[jdbc:mysql://10.6.112.200:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8]]>
24         </property>
25         <property name="user">root</property>
26         <property name="password">5a6f38</property>
27     </default-config> 
28     
29     <named-config name="namedconfig">
30         <!-- 连接超时设置30秒 -->
31         <property name="checkoutTimeout">30000</property>
32         <!-- 30秒检查一次connection的空闲 -->
33         <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod">30</property>
34         <!--初始化的池大小 -->
35         <property name="initialPoolSize">2</property>
36         <!-- 最多的一个connection空闲时间 -->
37         <property name="maxIdleTime">30</property>
38         <!-- 最多可以有多少个连接connection -->
39         <property name="maxPoolSize">2</property>
40         <!-- 最少的池中有几个连接 -->
41         <property name="minPoolSize">2</property>
42         <!-- 批处理的语句-->
43         <property name="maxStatements">50</property>
44         <!-- 每次增长几个连接 -->
45         <property name="acquireIncrement">2</property>
46         <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
47         <property name="jdbcUrl">
48             <![CDATA[jdbc:mysql://10.6.112.200:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8]]>
49         </property>
50         <property name="user">root</property>
51         <property name="password">5a6f38</property>
52     </named-config> 
53 </c3p0-config>
c3p0-config.xml

  3.使用的数据源类:com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource

   使用的Connection类:com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyConnection

  4.自定义工具类包装DataSource以简化书写

 1 package day16.regular.utils;
 2 /**
 3  * 使用c3p0创建的连接池。
 4  */
 5 import java.sql.Connection;
 6 import java.sql.SQLException;
 7 
 8 import javax.sql.DataSource;
 9 
10 import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
11 
12 public class DataSourceUtils_C3P0 {
13     private static DataSource ds=null;
14     static{
15         ds=new ComboPooledDataSource("namedconfig");
16     }
17     public static Connection getConnection(){
18         Connection conn=null;
19         try {
20             conn=ds.getConnection();
21         } catch (SQLException e) {
22             e.printStackTrace();
23         }
24         return conn;
25     }
26     public static DataSource getDataSource(){
27         return ds;
28     }
29 }

  5.测试代码

  假设数据库连接池中最多只能有两条连接。

 1 public void testC() throws SQLException
 2     {
      private static DataSource ds=DataSourceUtils_C3P0.getDataSource();
3 Connection conn=ds.getConnection(); 4 // NewProxyConnection a=null; 5 System.out.println(conn); 6 Connection conn1=ds.getConnection(); 7 System.out.println(conn1); 8 9 conn1.close(); 10 Connection conn2=ds.getConnection(); 11 System.out.println(conn2); 12 }

  6.运行结果:

连接池初始化信息略。
com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyConnection@116d7bd [wrapping: com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@ade3e9]
com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyConnection@3337df [wrapping: com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@9920f6]
com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyConnection@1548499 [wrapping: com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@9920f6]

  7.c3p0总结。

    (1)c3p0连接池中存放的是标准的Connection对象(实际上是JDBC4Connection对象),在分配的时候再对其进行包装。

    (2)调用close方法将会销毁NewProxyConnection对象,NewProxyConnection是Connection(JDBC4Connection)的包装类。

    (3)调用close方法不会销毁连接池中的对象。

  也就是说c3p0的管理方式类似于卖蛋糕,平时蛋糕放在柜台中,当客人明确了想要买某个蛋糕之后服务人员才对其进行包装。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kuangdaoyizhimei/p/4678518.html