linux多进/线程编程(7)——多线程1(线程的创建,回收,分离,设置线程属性等)

参考资料:

1.博客1:https://blog.csdn.net/zhou1021jian/article/details/71531699

 2.博客2:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40039738/article/details/81145247

本文主要介绍下面函数的用法和代码示例

pthread_create            创建线程
pthread_exit             终止线程
pthread_join             回收进程
pthread_detach           线程分离
pthread_attr_setdetachstate   设置线程属性

注意:在linux下查看线程相关的方法时,man 出来可以非常多,所以要想查阅资料搞清楚到底需要啥

pthread_create 创建线程

函数原型:

#include <pthread.h>

int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr,void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);

创建出的新线程退出的可能情况:

* It calls pthread_exit(3), specifying an exit status value that is available to another thread in the same process that calls pthread_join(3).

* It returns from start_routine().  This is equivalent to calling pthread_exit(3) with the value supplied in the return statement.

* It is canceled (see pthread_cancel(3)).

* Any of the threads in the process calls exit(3), or the main thread performs a return from main().  

简言之就是以下几种可能:
1.执行新线程的函数“走完了”;
2.新线程本身或者与之join的线程执行“终止线程”的方法pthread_exit;
3.取消创建该线程pthread_cancel;
4.其他线程执行推出exit,或者主线程return弹(函数)栈

pthread_exit 终止进程

终止调用它的线程并返回一个指向某个对象的指针。

创建进程 代码示例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

void* thr(void* arg) {
  printf("i am a thread! pid = %d, tid = %ld
", getpid(), pthread_self());
  //pthread_exit((void*)100);
//  return nullptr;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  /*
   * int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr,
                          void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);
  */

  pthread_t tid { 0 };
  pthread_create(&tid, nullptr, thr, nullptr);
  printf("i am a main thread! pid = %d, tid = %ld
", getpid(), pthread_self());

  //sleep(1);
  /*1. 如果添加pthread_exit()在主线程,则主线程马上退出,不在执行主线程下面的程序,但是主线程中启动的其他线程继续执行,程序不会马上退出,等待子线程执行完毕退出。
  2. 如果不添加,主线程不等待子线程执行完毕,程序直接退出,子线程可能没有执行完毕。*/
  pthread_exit(nullptr);

  //return 0;// no use, never exec
}

线程joinable

上面的代码中子线程创建成功依赖于,主线程要么是推出的很慢(有耗时操作)来保证一定会创建子线程,要么是加上pthread_exit,我们往往不想这么做,因此介绍
pthread_join  

pthread_join

函数原型:

#include <pthread.h>

int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **retval);

描述:

The  pthread_join() function  waits for the thread specified by thread to terminate. wait()方法用来回收进程,是阻塞的,类比,pthread_join也是阻塞的,直至指定的进程终止才会执行后面的代码。

If that thread has already terminated, then pthread_join() returns immediately.  

The thread specified by thread must be joinable.

代码示例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void* thr(void* arg) {
  printf("i am a thread! pid = %d, tid = %ld
", getpid(), pthread_self());
  sleep(3);
  pthread_exit((void*)1004);
//  return (void*)100;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  /*
   * int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **retval);
  */
  pthread_t tid { 0 };
  pthread_create(&tid, nullptr, thr, nullptr);
  printf("i am a main thread! pid = %d, tid = %ld
", getpid(), pthread_self());

  void* ret = nullptr;
  pthread_join(tid, &ret);//回收子线程,pthread_join会阻塞,直到子线程退出
  printf("ret exit with %ld
", (long)ret);

  //sleep(1);
  /*
   * 此处主线程加pthread_exit仅用来回收主线程,不影响子线程创建,因为pthread_join的作用*/
  pthread_exit(nullptr);

   //return 0; no use there
}

线程detached

线程默认属性就是joinable,依赖于创建该线程的“父线程”(其实线程之间不存在父子关系),但是可以修改线程属性。

修改方法有两种,1是使用函数pthread_detach,2是设置属性pthread_attr_setdetachstate。

当线程被分离(detached)后,这个线程的回收就交给操作系统,就不是用户可以控制的了。

pthread_detach

函数原型:

#include <pthread.h>

int pthread_detach(pthread_t thread);

描述:

The  pthread_detach()  function  marks the thread identified by thread as detached.  

When a detached thread terminates, its resources are automatically released back to the system without the
need
for another thread to join with the terminated thread.

pthread_attr_setdetachstate

函数原型:

#include <pthread.h>

int pthread_attr_setdetachstate(pthread_attr_t *attr, int detachstate);
int pthread_attr_getdetachstate(const pthread_attr_t *attr, int *detachstate);

描述:

The  pthread_attr_setdetachstate()  function  sets  the  detach  state  attribute  of the thread attributes object referred to by attr to the value specified in detachstate.  

The detach state attribute determines whether a thread created using the thread attributes object attr will be created in a joinable or a detached state.
The following values may be specified in detachstate: PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED
Threads that are created using attr will be created in a detached state. PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE Threads that are created using attr will be created in a joinable state. The default setting of the detach state attribute in a newly initialized thread attributes object is PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE.(默认是joinable,可以设置为detached The pthread_attr_getdetachstate() returns the detach state attribute of the thread attributes object attr in the buffer pointed to by detachstate.

代码示例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>

void * thr(void * arg) {
  printf("i am child thread 
");
  return nullptr;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  
  pthread_attr_t attr;
  pthread_attr_init(&attr);
  /*
   * 当设置为PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE时,下面可以用pthread_join回收,但是如果设置为PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED则不可以
   * */
  pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);

  pthread_t tid {0};
  pthread_create(&tid, &attr, thr, nullptr);
  
  int ret = 0;
  if ((ret = pthread_join(tid, nullptr)) > 0) {
    //printf("join err:%ld, %s
", (long)ret, strerror((long)ret));
    printf("join err:%d, %s
", ret, strerror(ret));
  }

  pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);

  return 0;
}

其他代码:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>

void * thr(void * arg) {

//  malloc();
  printf("i am child thread, tid = %ld, arg = %ld
", pthread_self(), (long)arg);
  //return nullptr;
  return (void *)(100 + (long)arg);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

  pthread_t tid[5];

  int length = sizeof(tid) / sizeof(pthread_t);

  printf("**********************length = %d
", length);

  for (long i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
    /* (void*)i :
     * 这里不能这样写,最好是先在堆区创建,再传进去,用完了在外面释放,这样保证数据没问题。
     * 如果直接传地址,可能在创建子线程的过程中,数据发生了变化(指向的地址也变了),这样传参不稳定,有问题。
     * */
    pthread_create(&tid[i], nullptr, thr, (void*)i);
  }

  for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
    void* ret = nullptr;
    pthread_join(tid[i], &ret);
    printf("i == %d, ret == %ld
", i, (long)ret);
  }

  return 0;
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/kongweisi/p/14695099.html