参考博客：
1.官网教程：https://docs.docker.com/reference/
可以一边敲命令一边对照官网学习，也可以通过阅读docker --help来学习
2..视频教程：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?t=380&p=8（老师讲的很好）
3.https://www.cnblogs.com/Dev0ps/p/11527522.html
帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息。 docker info #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量 docker 命令 --help #帮助命令
帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/build/
镜像命令
docker images #查看所有本地主机上的镜像 可以使用docker image ls代替
docker search 搜索镜像
docker pull 下载镜像
docker rmi 删除镜像
docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
...:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql 5.7 f07dfa83b528 3 months ago 448MB mysql latest a347a5928046 3 months ago 545MB ubuntu latest f643c72bc252 4 months ago 72.9MB
# 解释 #REPOSITORY # 镜像的仓库源 #TAG # 镜像的标签 #IMAGE ID # 镜像的id #CREATED # 镜像的创建时间 #SIZE # 镜像的大小 # 可选项 Options: -a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) #列出所有镜像 -q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs # 只显示镜像的id
...s:~$ docker images -aq f07dfa83b528 a347a5928046 f643c72bc252
docker search 搜索镜像
...:~$ docker search centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 6495 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 133 [OK] consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 127 [OK]
# --filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
...:~$ docker search mysql --filter=STARS=500
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10702 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4023 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 784 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 529 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag] ➜ ~ docker pull tomcat:8 8: Pulling from library/tomcat #如果不写tag，默认就是latest 90fe46dd8199: Already exists #分层下载： docker image 的核心 联合文件系统 35a4f1977689: Already exists bbc37f14aded: Already exists 74e27dc593d4: Already exists 93a01fbfad7f: Already exists 1478df405869: Pull complete 64f0dd11682b: Pull complete 68ff4e050d11: Pull complete f576086003cf: Pull complete 3b72593ce10e: Pull complete Digest: sha256:0c6234e7ec9d10ab32c06423ab829b32e3183ba5bf2620ee66de866df640a027 # 签名 防伪 Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:8 docker.io/library/tomcat:8 #真实地址 #等价于 docker pull tomcat:8 docker pull docker.io/library/tomcat:8
docker rmi 删除镜像
➜ ~ docker rmi -f 镜像id #删除指定的镜像 ➜ ~ docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id#删除指定的镜像 ➜ ~ docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的镜像
容器命令
docker run 镜像id 新建容器并启动 docker ps 列出所有运行的容器 docker container list docker rm 容器id 删除指定容器 docker start 容器id #启动容器 docker restart 容器id #重启容器 docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器 docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
基于镜像创建容器：
...:~$ docker container Usage: docker container COMMAND Manage containers Commands: attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container commit Create a new image from a container's changes cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem create Create a new container diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem exec Run a command in a running container export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers kill Kill one or more running containers logs Fetch the logs of a container ls List containers pause Pause all processes within one or more containers port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container prune Remove all stopped containers rename Rename a container restart Restart one or more containers rm Remove one or more containers run Run a command in a new container start Start one or more stopped containers stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop one or more running containers top Display the running processes of a container unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers update Update configuration of one or more containers wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image | docker container run [可选参数] image #参书说明 --name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器 -d 后台方式运行 -it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容 -p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080(宿主机):8080(容器) -p ip:主机端口:容器端口 -p 主机端口:容器端口(常用) -p 容器端口 容器端口 -P(大写) 随机指定端口 # 测试、启动并进入容器 ➜ ~ docker run -it centos /bin/bash Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally latest: Pulling from library/centos 8a29a15cefae: Already exists Digest: sha256:fe8d824220415eed5477b63addf40fb06c3b049404242b31982106ac204f6700 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest [root@95039813da8d /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@95039813da8d /]# exit #从容器退回主机 exit
列出所有运行的容器
#docker ps命令 #列出当前正在运行的容器 -a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running) -n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1) -q, --quiet Only display numeric IDs ➜ ~ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 68729e9654d4 portainer/portainer "/portainer" 14 hours ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp funny_curie d506a017e951 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 15 hours ago Up 15 hours 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp nginx01 ➜ ~ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 95039813da8d centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago condescending_pike 1e46a426a5ba tomcat "catalina.sh run" 11 minutes ago Exited (130) 9 minutes ago sweet_gould 14bc9334d1b2 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago amazing_stonebraker f10d60f473f5 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 hours ago dreamy_germain 68729e9654d4 portainer/portainer "/portainer" 14 hours ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp funny_curie 677cde5e4f1d elasticsearch "/docker-entrypoint.…" 15 hours ago Exited (143) 8 minutes ago elasticsearch 33eb3f70b4db tomcat "catalina.sh run" 15 hours ago Exited (143) 8 minutes ago tomcat01 d506a017e951 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 15 hours ago Up 15 hours 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp nginx01 24ce2db02e45 centos "/bin/bash" 16 hours ago Exited (0) 15 hours ago hopeful_faraday 42267d1ad80b bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 16 hours ago Exited (0) 16 hours ago ecstatic_sutherland ➜ ~ docker ps -aq 95039813da8d 1e46a426a5ba 14bc9334d1b2 f10d60f473f5 68729e9654d4 677cde5e4f1d 33eb3f70b4db d506a017e951 24ce2db02e45 42267d1ad80b
退出容器
exit #容器直接退出
ctrl +P +Q #容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -rf docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除指定的容器 docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器 docker restart 容器id #重启容器 docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器 docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
常用其他命令
后台启动命令
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名 ➜ ~ docker run -d centos a8f922c255859622ac45ce3a535b7a0e8253329be4756ed6e32265d2dd2fac6c ➜ ~ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES # 问题docker ps. 发现centos 停止了 # 常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有要一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止 # nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs --help Options: --details Show extra details provided to logs * -f, --follow Follow log output --since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes) * --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all") * -t, --timestamps Show timestamps --until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes) ➜ ~ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done" #模拟日志 #显示日志 -tf #显示日志信息（一直更新） --tail number #需要显示日志条数 docker logs -t --tail n 容器id #查看n行日志 docker logs -ft 容器id #跟着日志
查看容器中进程信息 ps
# 命令 docker top 容器id
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令 docker inspect 容器id #测试 ➜ ~ docker inspect 55321bcae33d [ { "Id": "55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066", "Created": "2020-05-15T05:22:05.515909071Z", "Path": "/bin/sh", "Args": [ "-c", "while true;do echo 6666;sleep 1;done" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 22973, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2020-05-15T05:22:06.165904633Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066/55321bcae33d15da8280bcac1d2bc1141d213bcc8f8e792edfd832ff61ae5066-json.log", "Name": "/bold_bell", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default", "ExecIDs": null, 。。。。。。。 ]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置 # 命令 方式一（常用） docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash #测试 ➜ ~ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 55321bcae33d centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes bold_bell a7215824a4db centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes zen_kepler 55a31b3f8613 centos "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes lucid_clarke ➜ ~ docker exec -it 55321bcae33d /bin/bash [root@55321bcae33d /]#
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
#测试
docker attach 55321bcae33d
正在执行当前的代码...
区别
#docker exec #进入当前容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作。（常用）
#docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端
从宿主机拷贝到容器内
sudo docker cp host_path containerID:container_path
从容器拷贝到宿主机内
sudodockercpcontainerID:container_path host_path
查看docker容器使用内存情况
~ docker stats ubuntu01(容器id/容器name)
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS aeb2b4212d14 ubuntu01 0.00% 3.461MiB / 15.6GiB 0.02% 25.8kB / 0B 106kB / 0B 1
Docker 安装Nginx
#1. 搜索镜像 search 建议大家去docker搜索，可以看到帮助文档
#2. 拉取镜像 pull
#3、运行测试
# -d 后台运行
# --name 给容器命名
# -p 宿主机端口：容器内部端口
➜ ~ docker run -d --name nginx00 -p 82:80 nginx
75943663c116f5ed006a0042c42f78e9a1a6a52eba66311666eee12e1c8a4502
➜ ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
75943663c116 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 41 seconds ago Up 40 seconds 0.0.0.0:82->80/tcp nginx00
➜ ~ curl localhost:82 #测试
<!DOCTYPE html>,,,,
思考问题：我们每次改动nginx配置文件，都需要进入容器内部？十分的麻烦，要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径，达到在容器修改文件名，容器内部就可以自动修改？√数据卷！
总结：
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container #当前shell下 attach连接指定运行的镜像 build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像 commit Create a new image from a container's changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像 cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem #拷贝文件 create Create a new container #创建一个新的容器 diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器的变化 events Get real time events from the server # 从服务获取容器实时时间 exec Run a command in a running container # 在运行中的容器上运行命令 export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器文件系统作为一个tar归档文件[对应import] history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史 images List images #列出系统当前的镜像 import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image #从tar包中导入内容创建一个文件系统镜像 info Display system-wide information # 显示全系统信息 inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects #查看容器详细信息 kill Kill one or more running containers # kill指定docker容器 load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #从一个tar包或标准输入中加载一个镜像[对应save] login Log in to a Docker registry # logout Log out from a Docker registry logs Fetch the logs of a container pause Pause all processes within one or more containers port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container ps List containers pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry push Push an image or a repository to a registry rename Rename a container restart Restart one or more containers rm Remove one or more containers rmi Remove one or more images run Run a command in a new container save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) search Search the Docker Hub for images start Start one or more stopped containers stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop one or more running containers tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE top Display the running processes of a container unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers update Update configuration of one or more containers version Show the Docker version information wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes