day-86drf

频率组件

settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {

    # 自定义频率类
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': [],
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
        'user': '3/min',        #系统频率，现在登录用户和游客
        'anon': '3/min',        #只限制游客
        
        'time_rate': '3/min',  #自定义频率
       
    },
}

自定义频率类(需要对游客非IP限制条件才需要自定义类)：

from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle

class TimeRateThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
    scope = 'time_rate' 
    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):

        if request.user:                        # 登陆用户
            return 'throttle_%s_%s' % (request.user.username, request.user.pk)
            
     
        return 'throttle_time_rate'             # 游客，可以从request.META中取出IP等信息作为限制，用法同上


    # rate = '3/min'                            #第二种自定义频率类
    # def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
    #     return 'throttle_time_rate'

视图层：

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from . import models, serializers
from rest_framework.response import Response


from . import permissions
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import JSONWebTokenAuthentication
from api.authentications import JWTAuthentication
from . import throttles
from rest_framework import throttling


from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter, OrderingFilter
from . import paginations
class CarsModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    
    # throttle_classes = [throttles.TimeRateThrottle]   # 自定义频率控制
    
    # throttle_classes = [throttling.AnonRateThrottle]  # 系统频率控制，只限制游客
    # throttle_classes = [throttling.UserRateThrottle]  # 系统频率控制，登陆用户通过用户pk限制，游客通过ip限制

    queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False)
    serializer_class = serializers.CarsModelSerializer

过滤（django-filter）、筛选、排序、分页

安装：pip3 install django-filter

view视图

from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter, OrderingFilter
from . import paginations
class CarsModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):

    # 过滤
    # 接口：/api/cars/?price=900000&brand=1
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]       
   
    filter_fields = ('brand', 'price')               # 一般过滤字段为分类字段
 

    # 筛选
    # 接口：/api/cars/?search=9&price=900000        #代表9在name或price两个字段进行模糊查询,后面的同上
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend, SearchFilter]  
    search_fields = ('name', 'price')

    # 排序
    # 接口：/api/cars/?ordering=-id | /api/cars/?ordering=-price
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend, SearchFilter, OrderingFilter]
    ordering_fields = ('id', 'price')

    # 分页：配置一个类，不是类们(列表)
    pagination_class = paginations.PageNumberPagination
    pagination_class = paginations.LimitOffsetPagination
    pagination_class = paginations.CursorPagination

分页的配置类

from rest_framework import pagination

class PageNumberPagination(pagination.PageNumberPagination):
    # 一页的条数
    page_size = 2
    
    # 接口中选页码的字段名 - 一般不做修改 - ?page=1
    page_query_param = 'page'
    
    # 用户可以通过接口自定义一页条数 - ?page=1&page_size=一页的条数
    page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
    
    # 用户可以自定义的最大一页条数，超过就采用最大值
    max_page_size = 4


# 接口：?offset=0&limit=3  从(从头偏移0条)第1条往后查3条
class LimitOffsetPagination(pagination.LimitOffsetPagination):
    # 一页的条数
    default_limit = 2
    
    limit_query_param = 'limit'
    offset_query_param = 'offset'
    
    # 用户可以自定义的最大一页条数，超过就采用最大值
    max_limit = 4


class CursorPagination(pagination.CursorPagination):

    # 一页的条数
    page_size = 2
    
    # 请求页码数据的字段 - 字段后的参数是加密的
    cursor_query_param = 'cursor'
    
    # 用户自定义一页条数的字段与最大值
    page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
    max_page_size = 4
    
    # 默认数据查询的排序条件 - 不能与drf的ordering组件同时使用
    ordering = '-id'

drf自定义异常模块：drf没有提供处理的服务器异常

settings：

REST_FRAMEWORK = {

    'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'api.exceptions.exception_handler',
}

自定义类：

from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import exception_handler as drf_exception_handler
from rest_framework import status
def exception_handler(exc, context):
    exception = exc
    view = context.get('view')
    args = context.get('args')
    kwargs = context.get('kwargs')
    request = context.get('request')

    response = drf_exception_handler(exc, context)
    if response is None:
        return Response('服务器错误', status=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)

    response.data = {
        'status': 1,
        'msg': response.data['detail']
    }
    return response

接口文档

　　http://yapi.demo.qunar.com/#