基于Django框架 CRM的增删改查

思路: 创建表------从数据库读出数据展示出来------配置路由-----写视图函数------写对应页面

练习点:

数据库建表

ORM 数据库数据读取 数据

ModelForm  (form组件是基础)

模板渲染在页面上循环取出form里字段的数据

拾遗:

在html中 可以使用 forloop.counter  在页面显示编号的序列, 而不是直接显示数据库里对应的  id 号

<td>{{ field.id }}</td>#}

<!--不会显示出来后端数据库的id字段 -->

<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>



在 Employee 的 model中 一个 gender 字段
gender = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,"男"),(2,"女")))
在 html 中
<td>{{ field.get_gender_display }}</td>
<!-- 拿到元组choices 第二个值  "男"  页面不显示 1 -->
<tbody>
    {% for field in employee_queryset %}
        <tr><!--不会显示出来后端数据库的id字段 -->
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
            <td>{{ field.employee_name }}</td>


            <td>{{ field.get_gender_display }}</td>
            <!--拿到元组第二个值  "男"  页面不显示1-->

            <td>{{ field.department.name }}</td>
            <td><a href="/edit_employee/{{ field.pk }}">编辑</a></td>
            <td><a href="/delete_employee/{{ field.pk }}">删除</a></td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}
    </tbody>



1. 创建表


部门表


员工表  (和部门表  多对一的关系)


员工角色表  (和部门表  多对多的关系)




from django.db import models

class Employee(models.Model):
    # id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    employee_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    gender = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,"男"),(2,"女")))
    department = models.ForeignKey(to="Department",to_field="id",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    duty = models.ManyToManyField(to="Duty")


class Department(models.Model):
    # id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=True)
    employee_num = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Duty(models.Model):
    # id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name





2. 部门表的操作


2.1 从数据库取出数据    显示部门列表




from app01.models import Department,Employee
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect
from django import forms 

#   --------------部门   读取数据  显示到页面------------------------------------
def index(request):
    dep_queryset=Department.objects.all()
    print(dep_queryset)
    return render(request,"index.html",{"dep_queryset":dep_queryset})


------------- 显示到 html页面






<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
INDEX
<hr>
<a href="/add/">添加部门</a>
<table>
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <th>编号</th>
        <th>部门名称</th>
        <th>部门人数</th>
        <th>操作</th>

    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    {% for field in dep_queryset %}
        <tr>
{#            <td>{{ field.id }}</td>#}
            <!--不把数据库的id显示出来 -->
            <td>{{ forloop.counter}}</td>

            <td>{{ field.name }}</td>
            <td>{{ field.employee_num }}</td>
            <td><a href="/edit/{{ field.pk }}">编辑</a></td>
            <td><a href="/delete/{{ field.pk }}">删除</a></td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>



View Code





2.2 添加 (使用 ModelForm 实现)


2.2.1. 创建 部门的 ModelForm 类






class DepartmentModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model=Department
        #加参数
        fields="__all__"  #表示所有字段

        # 全局设置, 没有加label的字段就还是按字段名
        labels={
            "id":"部门编号",
            "name":"部门名称",
            "employee_num":"部门人数",
        }

        #初始化把样式调出来
        def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
            super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)  # 父类里面的__init__
            # 调节id  name  employee_num 样式
            print(self.fields,type(self.fields))
            for field in self.fields.values():
                field.error_messages = {"required": "不能为空"}  # 批量处理



View Code



2.2.2. 添加数据


先走get请求获取页面   在走一边post请求 添加






def add(request):
    if request.method == "GET" :
        form = DepartmentModelForm()
        return render(request,"add.html",{"form":form})

    else:
        form = DepartmentModelForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()  #取出数据  绑定关系
            ret=index(request)
            return ret
            # return redirect(request,"index.html")
        else:
            return render(request, "add.html", {"form": form})



View Code



2.2.3. 渲染的html页面  (添加部门)






<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
    添加部门
</h3>

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for field in form %}

        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="title">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }}
            <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>

    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>



</body>
</html>



View Code



2.3 编辑 (ModelForm)


编辑和添加的步奏基本是一样   唯一不同的一点就是 编辑需要传入一个参数   这个参数代表的是被删除的数据的id






def edit(request,id):
    edit_num = Department.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # 被编辑的
    if request.method == "GET" :
        form = DepartmentModelForm(instance=edit_num) # 直接把被编辑的对象之前的值显示出来
        # 不含instance 显示出来的input标签内是空的 就是一个添加页面
        return render(request,"edit.html",{"form":form})

    else:
        edit_num = Department.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # 被编辑的
        form = DepartmentModelForm(request.POST,instance=edit_num)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()  #取出数据  绑定关系
            ret=index(request)
            return ret
            # return redirect(request,"index.html")
        else:
            return render(request, "edit.html", {"form": form})



View Code


渲染的html页面






<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h3>
    编辑
</h3>

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for field in form %}

        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="title">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }}
            <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

</body>
</html>



View Code



2.4 删除


删除就是要找到需要被删除数据对应的id号 即可






def delete(request,id):
    Department.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
    ret = index(request)
    return ret
    # return redirect(request,"index.html")



View Code



3. 员工表的操作


3.1 从数据库取出数据   页面显示员工列表






def employee_index(request):
    employee_queryset = Employee.objects.all()
    return render(request, "employee.html", {"employee_queryset": employee_queryset})



View Code


html 页面的显示






<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
员工表
<hr>
<a href="/add_employee/">添加员工信息</a>
<table>
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <th>编号</th>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>性别</th>
        <th>部门</th>

    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    {% for field in employee_queryset %}
        <tr>
{#            <td>{{ field.id }}</td>#}
            <!--不会显示出来后端数据库的id字段 -->
            <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
            <td>{{ field.employee_name }}</td>

            <td>{{ field.get_gender_display }}</td>
            <!--拿到元组第二个值  "男"  页面不显示1-->

            <td>{{ field.department.name }}</td>

            <td><a href="/edit_employee/{{ field.pk }}">编辑</a></td>
            <td><a href="/delete_employee/{{ field.pk }}">删除</a></td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>



View Code



3.2 添加 (ModelForm)


3.2.1 创建一个员工 EmployeeModelForm 的类






class EmployeeModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Employee
        # 加参数
        fields = "__all__"  # 表示所有字段

        labels={
            "id": "员工编号",
            "employee_name": "员工姓名",
            "gender": "性别",
            "department": "所在部门",
            "duty": "职责",
        }

    # 初始化把样式调出来
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)  # 父类里面的__init__
        # 调节id  name  gender department duty 样式
        print(self.fields, type(self.fields))
        for field in self.fields.values():
            field.error_messages = {"required": "不能为空"}  # 批量处理



View Code


3.2.2 添加数据






def employee_add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = EmployeeModelForm()
        return render(request,"add_employee.html",{"form":form})
    else:
        form = EmployeeModelForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            ret= employee_index(request)
            return ret
        else:
            return render(request,"add_employee.html",{"form":form})



View Code


3.2.3 渲染的html页面






<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
    添加员工
</h3>

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for field in form %}

        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="title">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }}
            <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>

    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

</body>
</html>



View Code



3.3 编辑 (ModelForm)


编辑和添加的步奏基本是一样   唯一不同的一点就是 编辑需要传入一个参数   这个参数代表的是被删除的数据的id






def employee_edit(request,id):
    edit_num = Employee.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # 被编辑的
    if request.method == "GET" :
        form = EmployeeModelForm(instance=edit_num) # 直接把被编辑的对象之前的值显示出来
        # 不含instance 显示出来的input标签内是空的 就是一个添加页面

        return render(request,"edit_employee.html",{"form":form})

    else:
        edit_num = Employee.objects.filter(pk=id).first()  # 被编辑的
        form = EmployeeModelForm(request.POST,instance=edit_num)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()  #取出数据  绑定关系
            ret=employee_index(request)
            return ret
            # return redirect(request,"index.html")
        else:
            return render(request, "edit_employee.html", {"form": form})



View Code


渲染的html






<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>
    添加员工
</h3>

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% for field in form %}

        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="title">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }}
            <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>

    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

</body>
</html>



View Code



3.4 删除


删除就是要找到需要被删除数据对应的id号 即可






def employee_delete(request,id):
    Employee.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
    ret = employee_index(request)
    return ret



View Code






        

	      

	    

	  

	  

	    
      
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          原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/kenD/p/9951380.html