Code First Migrations更新数据库结构(数据迁移)

背景

code first起初当修改model后,要持久化至数据库中时,总要把原数据库给删除掉再创建(DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges),此时就会产生一个问题,当我们的旧数据库中包含一些测试数据时,当持久化更新后,原数据将全部丢失,故我们可以引入EF的数据迁移功能来完成。

要求
  1. 已安装NuGet
过程示例
[csharp] 
 1 //原model  
 2 using System.Collections;  
 3 using System.Collections.Generic;  
 4 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;  
 5 public class Lesson {  
 6     public int lessonID { get; set; }  
 7     [Required]  
 8     [MaxLength(50)]  
 9     public string lessonName { get; set; }  
10     [Required]  
11     public string teacherName { get; set; }  
12     public virtual UserInfo UserInfo{get;set;}  
13 }  

 

[csharp] 
 1 //新model  
 2 using System.Collections;  
 3 using System.Collections.Generic;  
 4 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;  
 5 public class Lesson {  
 6     public int lessonID { get; set; }  
 7     [Required]  
 8     [MaxLength(50)]  
 9     public string lessonName { get; set; }  
10     [Required]  
11     [MaxLength(10)]  
12     public string teacherName { get; set; }  
13     public virtual UserInfo UserInfo{get;set;}  
14 }  

注:区别在于,我们给teacherName属性加了一个长度限制。

接下来,我们将开始持久化此model至数据库中(我们现在只是对属性作修改,此时数据库中此字段的长度为nvarchar(max),并不是nvarchar(10))

1:在config中配置数据库连接:

[html] 
1 <connectionStrings>  
2   <add name="TestUsersDB" connectionString="Integrated Security=SSPI;Persist Security Info=False;Initial Catalog=TestUsersDB;Data Source=XCL-PC\SQLEXPRESS" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />  
3 </connectionStrings>  

2:打开NuGet控制台:

3:运行命令Enable-Migrations

可能会出现如下错误:

Checking if the context targets an existing database...
Detected database created with a database initializer. Scaffolded migration '201212090821166_InitialCreate' corresponding to existing database. To use an automatic migration instead, delete the Migrations folder and re-run Enable-Migrations specifying the -EnableAutomaticMigrations parameter.
Code First Migrations enabled for project MvcApplication1.

此时项目会出现如下文件夹:

打开configuation.cs,将作出如下修改:

[csharp] 
1 public Configuration()  
2 {  
3     AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;  
4 } 


再次执行Update-Database:

因为我把长度从max改为10,在更新数据结构时,它认为此操作会导致数据丢失,如下:

Specify the '-Verbose' flag to view the SQL statements being applied to the target database.
No pending code-based migrations.
Applying automatic migration: 201212090848057_AutomaticMigration.
Automatic migration was not applied because it would result in data loss.

如果确保没事,只需给此命令加个强制执行的参数即可:

Enable-Migrations -Force

最后再次执行:Update-Database

数据库中的原数据也没有丢失!

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jx0906/p/2880037.html