java学习笔记-9.违例差错控制

 

1.违例规范是告诉程序员这个方法可能抛出哪些类型的异常。他的格式在方法声明中,位于自变量(参数)列表的后面,如void f() throws tooBig, tooSmall, divZero { //...,这样就就告诉我们这个f方法可抛出toobig,toosmall等类型的异常。

2.在继承里,如果父类的方法没有定义违例规范,则派生类也不能定义。接口中的方法不能改变父类里同样方法的违例接口。如果父类方法有违例规范,衍生类相应的方法可以没有。衍生类的方法可以有继承的违例规范。

class BaseballException extends Exception {}
class Foul extends BaseballException {}
class Strike extends BaseballException {}
abstract class Inning {
Inning() throws BaseballException {}
void event () throws BaseballException {
// Doesn't actually have to throw anything
}
abstract void atBat() throws Strike, Foul;
void walk() {} // Throws nothing
}
class StormException extends Exception {}
class RainedOut extends StormException {}
class PopFoul extends Foul {}
interface Storm {
void event() throws RainedOut;
void rainHard() throws RainedOut;
}
public class StormyInning extends Inning
implements Storm {
// OK to add new exceptions for constructors,
// but you must deal with the base constructor
// exceptions:
StormyInning() throws RainedOut,
BaseballException {}
StormyInning(String s) throws Foul,
BaseballException {}
// 如果父类的方法没有定义违例规范,则派生类也不能定义
//! void walk() throws PopFoul {} //Compile error
// 接口中的方法不能改变父类里同样方法的违例接口
//! public void event() throws RainedOut {}
//这样可以
public void event() throws BaseballException{}
// 如果父类方法有违例规范,衍生类相应的方法可以没有
public void rainHard() throws RainedOut {}
// You can choose to not throw any exceptions,
// even if base version does:
public void event() {}
// Overridden methods can throw
// inherited exceptions:
void atBat() throws PopFoul {}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
StormyInning si = new StormyInning();
si.atBat();
} catch(PopFoul e) {
} catch(RainedOut e) {
} catch(BaseballException e) {}
// Strike not thrown in derived version.
try {
// What happens if you upcast?
Inning i = new StormyInning();
i.atBat();
// You must catch the exceptions from the
// base-class version of the method:
} catch(Strike e) {
} catch(Foul e) {
} catch(RainedOut e) {
} catch(BaseballException e) {}
3.finally是try语句块中不管有没有异常,在try完之后都会调用finally语句的内容。
4.catch能捕捉基础类违例和衍生类违例,但是若将基础类捕获从句置于第一位,试图“屏蔽”衍生类违例,这样做是不行的。
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/junshijie/p/7009799.html