外观模式

外观模式

  1. 外观模式(Facade) ,也叫“过程模式:外观模式为子系统中的一组接口提供一个一致的界面,此模式定义了一个高层接口,这个接口使得这一子系统更加容易使用
  2. 外观模式通过定义一个一致的接口,用以屏蔽内部子系统的细节,使得调用端只需跟这个接口发生调用,而无需关心这个子系统的内部细节

image-20200730161834795

应用实例

组建一一个家庭影院:
DVD播放器、投影仪、自动屏幕、环绕立体声、爆米花机要求完成使用家庭影院的功能,其过程为:
直接用遥控器:统筹各设备开关
开爆米花机
放下屏幕
开投影仪
开音响
开DVD,选dvd
去拿爆米花
调暗灯光
播放
观影结束后,关闭各种设备.

public class Client {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      //这里直接调用。。 很麻烦
      HomeTheaterFacade homeTheaterFacade = new HomeTheaterFacade();
      homeTheaterFacade.ready();
      homeTheaterFacade.play();
      
      
      homeTheaterFacade.end();
   }

}
public class DVDPlayer {
   
   //使用单例模式, 使用饿汉式
   private static DVDPlayer instance = new DVDPlayer();
   
   public static DVDPlayer getInstanc() {
      return instance;
   }
   
   public void on() {
      System.out.println(" dvd on ");
   }
   public void off() {
      System.out.println(" dvd off ");
   }
   
   public void play() {
      System.out.println(" dvd is playing ");
   }
   
   //....
   public void pause() {
      System.out.println(" dvd pause ..");
   }
}
public class HomeTheaterFacade {
   
   //定义各个子系统对象
   private TheaterLight theaterLight;
   private Popcorn popcorn;
   private Stereo stereo;
   private Projector projector;
   private Screen screen;
   private DVDPlayer dVDPlayer;
   
   
   //构造器
   public HomeTheaterFacade() {
      super();
      this.theaterLight = TheaterLight.getInstance();
      this.popcorn = Popcorn.getInstance();
      this.stereo = Stereo.getInstance();
      this.projector = Projector.getInstance();
      this.screen = Screen.getInstance();
      this.dVDPlayer = DVDPlayer.getInstanc();
   }

   //操作分成 4 步
   
   public void ready() {
      popcorn.on();
      popcorn.pop();
      screen.down();
      projector.on();
      stereo.on();
      dVDPlayer.on();
      theaterLight.dim();
   }
   
   public void play() {
      dVDPlayer.play();
   }
   
   public void pause() {
      dVDPlayer.pause();
   }
   
   public void end() {
      popcorn.off();
      theaterLight.bright();
      screen.up();
      projector.off();
      stereo.off();
      dVDPlayer.off();
   }    
}
public class Popcorn {
   
   private static Popcorn instance = new Popcorn();
   
   public static Popcorn getInstance() {
      return instance;
   }
   
   public void on() {
      System.out.println(" popcorn on ");
   }
   
   public void off() {
      System.out.println(" popcorn ff ");
   }
   
   public void pop() {
      System.out.println(" popcorn is poping  ");
   }
}
public class Projector {

   private static Projector instance = new Projector();
   
   public static Projector getInstance() {
      return instance;
   }
   
   public void on() {
      System.out.println(" Projector on ");
   }
   
   public void off() {
      System.out.println(" Projector ff ");
   }
   
   public void focus() {
      System.out.println(" Projector is Projector  ");
   }
   
   //...
}
public class Screen {

   private static Screen instance = new Screen();
   
   public static Screen getInstance() {
      return instance;
   }
   
   
   
   
   public void up() {
      System.out.println(" Screen up ");
   }
   
   public void down() {
      System.out.println(" Screen down ");
   }
   

}
public class Stereo {

   private static Stereo instance = new Stereo();
   
   public static Stereo getInstance() {
      return instance;
   }
   
   public void on() {
      System.out.println(" Stereo on ");
   }
   
   public void off() {
      System.out.println(" Screen off ");
   }
   
   public void up() {
      System.out.println(" Screen up.. ");
   }
   
   //...
}
public class TheaterLight {

   private static TheaterLight instance = new TheaterLight();

   public static TheaterLight getInstance() {
      return instance;
   }

   public void on() {
      System.out.println(" TheaterLight on ");
   }

   public void off() {
      System.out.println(" TheaterLight off ");
   }

   public void dim() {
      System.out.println(" TheaterLight dim.. ");
   }

   public void bright() {
      System.out.println(" TheaterLight bright.. ");
   }
}

外观模式的注意事项和细节

  1. 外观模式对外屏蔽了子系统的细节,因此外观模式降低了客户端对子系统使用的复杂性
  2. 外观模式对客户端与子系统的耦合关系-解耦,让子系统内部的模块更易维护和扩展
  3. 通过合理的使用外观模式,可以帮我们更好的划分访问的层次
  4. 当系统需要进行分层设计时,可以考虑使用Facade模式
  5. 在维护一个遗留的大型系统时,可能这个系统已经变得非常难以维护和扩展,此时可以考虑为新系统开发一个Facade类,来提供遗留系统的比较清晰简单的接口,让新系统与Facade类类互,提高复用性
  6. 不能过多的或者不合理的使用外观模式,使用外观模式好,还是直接调用模块好。要以让系统有层次,利于维护为目的。
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/junlinsky/p/14067862.html