android 笔记(Service)

Service

 

 

一。Serivce的启动方式分两种 

 

1.startService。用这种方式启动的话,负责启动这个serviceActivity或者其他组件即使被销毁了,Service也会继续在后台运行,必须得Serivce自己做完任务区去调用stopSelf或者stopService去停止这个Serice。这种方式是Start方式

 

2.bindService。这种方式要组件去调用BindService去绑定一个Service,这种方式Service的生命周期是知道所有绑定这个service的组件unbind之后才会销毁。这种方式称之为 Bound

 

 

startService调用后会自动调用startCommand,你需要做的工作可以在这里写,例如启动新线程去执行任务之类的。

bindService之后会调用Onbind函数,功能同上,需要自己去重写,还有就是通信就是通过这个onbind函数返回的IBinder

以上两种方式可以一起使用,不是一定要分开。。

 

 

 

二.实现Service需要重写的方法

一般来说,实现Service,实现以下几个方法就好:

 

onStartCommand()

onBind()

onCreate()

onDestroy()

函数名字还是非常清楚的,具体作用就不说了。

 

三.在manifest里面加入Service

 

Activity一样,要使用你自己写的Service,必须得在manifest里面注册

例如

<manifest ... >
  ...
  <application ... >
      <service android:name=".ExampleService" />
      ...
  </application>
</manifest>

Service的名字一旦确定,就不要更改了,因为其他地方会利用这个名字去访问Service

值得注意的是,一个service可以被其他应用程序去访问,如果你不想被其他应用程序访问,就在文件里面加入属性android:exported,然后设置为False

四.实现Service的两种方法

实现Service主要有两种方式:

1.Service

要重写几个函数,而且一般工程来说,都要自己创建新线程来执行任务,这些工作都要我们自己去编写来做。

代码如下:

 

public class HelloService extends Service {
  private Looper mServiceLooper;
  private ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;

  // Handler that receives messages from the thread
  private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
      public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
          super(looper);
      }
      @Override
      public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
          // Normally we would do some work here, like download a file.
          // For our sample, we just sleep for 5 seconds.
          long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5*1000;
          while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
              synchronized (this) {
                  try {
                      wait(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis());
                  } catch (Exception e) {
                  }
              }
          }
          // Stop the service using the startId, so that we don't stop
          // the service in the middle of handling another job
          stopSelf(msg.arg1);
      }
  }

  @Override
  public void onCreate() {
    // Start up the thread running the service.  Note that we create a
    // separate thread because the service normally runs in the process's
    // main thread, which we don't want to block.  We also make it
    // background priority so CPU-intensive work will not disrupt our UI.
    HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("ServiceStartArguments",
            Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
    thread.start();
    
    // Get the HandlerThread's Looper and use it for our Handler 
    mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
    mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
  }

  @Override
  public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
      Toast.makeText(this, "service starting", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

      // For each start request, send a message to start a job and deliver the
      // start ID so we know which request we're stopping when we finish the job
      Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
      msg.arg1 = startId;
      mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
      
      // If we get killed, after returning from here, restart
      return START_STICKY;
  }

  @Override
  public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
      // We don't provide binding, so return null
      return null;
  }
  
  @Override
  public void onDestroy() {
    Toast.makeText(this, "service done", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
  }
}

 

2.IntentService

如果只是启动一个线程做一个单独任务,这个是首选,系统帮你实现好了几个必须重写的函数,你只需要做的是事情就是实现一个函数就行:onHandleIntent(intent) 参数是startCommand那里传过来的。

看代码:

public class HelloIntentService extends IntentService {

  /** 
   * A constructor is required, and must call the super IntentService(String)
   * constructor with a name for the worker thread.
   */
  public HelloIntentService() {
      super("HelloIntentService");
  }

  /**
   * The IntentService calls this method from the default worker thread with
   * the intent that started the service. When this method returns, IntentService
   * stops the service, as appropriate.
   */
  @Override
  protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
      // Normally we would do some work here, like download a file.
      // For our sample, we just sleep for 5 seconds.
      long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5*1000;
      while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
          synchronized (this) {
              try {
                  wait(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis());
              } catch (Exception e) {
              }
          }
      }
  }
}

注意,startCommand返回的值是有用的,决定这个service被系统干掉后要不要重新启动,这个值有三个枚举START_NOT_STICKYSTART_STICKYSTART_REDELIVER_INTENT

五.通过intent来开启Service

启动Service就是创建一个intent对象,参数传进去需要启动的Service名称,就可以啦,调用startService啦,

如果需要Service传回来一些消息,可以 用PendingIntent,然后传给startService用的intent,然后可以用getBroadcast来得到消息。 

六.startForeground()来让service在前端显示

类似播放器一样,你想通知栏里面看到在放什么歌曲,还有点击放下一首时,需要调用startForeground()让service运行在前端

 

Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.icon, getText(R.string.ticker_text),
        System.currentTimeMillis());
Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, ExampleActivity.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, notificationIntent, 0);
notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.notification_title),
        getText(R.string.notification_message), pendingIntent);
startForeground(ONGOING_NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);

具体Service的其他方面可以去看下官方文档

 

 

 

 

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/juncent/p/3262746.html