kafka的客户端操作,consumer API

一：Consumer API

1.自动提交程序

　　这种不建议在实际中使用

    /**
     * 简单的消费kafka消息，自动提交
     * 消费过的数据再消费不到了
     */
    public static void helloConsumer() {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("bootstrap.servers", "192.168.19.129:9092");
        properties.setProperty("group.id", "test");
        properties.setProperty("enable.auto.commit", "true");
        properties.setProperty("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
        properties.setProperty("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        properties.setProperty("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");

        KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer(properties);
        // 订阅
        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC_NAME));
        while (true) {
            // 1000毫秒拉取一次
            ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
            for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records)
                System.out.printf("partition= %d, offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n", record.partition(), record.offset(), record.key(), record.value());
        }
    }

　　

2.手动提交offset

　　如果事务失败了，么有提交，下次还能继续获取到数据

 /**
     * 手动提交
     */
    public static void commitedOffset() {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("bootstrap.servers", "192.168.19.129:9092");
        properties.setProperty("group.id", "test");
        properties.setProperty("enable.auto.commit", "false");
        properties.setProperty("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
        properties.setProperty("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        properties.setProperty("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");

        KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer(properties);
        // 订阅
        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC_NAME));
        while (true) {
            // 1000毫秒拉取一次
            ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
            for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
                System.out.printf("partition= %d, offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n", record.partition(), record.offset(), record.key(), record.value());
            }
            // 手动提交，for循环成功才执行；不然不执行，在下一次还会再拉取数据
            consumer.commitAsync();
        }
    }

　　

3.ConsumerGroup

　　单个分区的消息只能有ConsumerGroup中的某个Consumer消费

　　Consumer从partition中的消费是顺序，默认从头开始

　　单个ConsumerGroup会消费所有partition中的消息

4.特性

　　

5.按照patition维度进行处理

/**
     * 按照patition维度进行处理
     */
    public static void commitedOffsetWithPartition() {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("bootstrap.servers", "192.168.19.129:9092");
        properties.setProperty("group.id", "test");
        properties.setProperty("enable.auto.commit", "false");
        properties.setProperty("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
        properties.setProperty("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        properties.setProperty("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");

        KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer(properties);
        // 订阅
        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(TOPIC_NAME));
        while (true) {
            // 1000毫秒拉取一次
            ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
            // 操作维度是partition了，每个partition单独处理
            for (TopicPartition partition : records.partitions()) {
                List<ConsumerRecord<String, String>> pRecords = records.records(partition);
                for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : pRecords) {

                    System.out.printf("partition= %d, offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n", record.partition(), record.offset(), record.key(), record.value());
                }
                long lastOffset = pRecords.get(pRecords.size() - 1).offset();
                // 手动提交
                Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> offset = new HashMap();
                offset.put(partition, new OffsetAndMetadata(lastOffset + 1));
                consumer.commitSync(offset);
            }
        }
    }

　　

6.只消费某个partition

    /**
     * 订阅topic下的partition中的内容
     *
     */
    public static void commitedOffsetWithTopicPartition() {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("bootstrap.servers", "192.168.19.129:9092");
        properties.setProperty("group.id", "test");
        properties.setProperty("enable.auto.commit", "false");
        properties.setProperty("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
        properties.setProperty("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        properties.setProperty("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");

        KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer(properties);

        TopicPartition p0 = new TopicPartition(TOPIC_NAME, 0);
        TopicPartition p1 = new TopicPartition(TOPIC_NAME, 1);


        // 订阅partition
        consumer.assign(Arrays.asList(p1));
        while (true) {
            // 1000毫秒拉取一次
            ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
            // 操作维度是partition了，每个partition单独处理
            for (TopicPartition partition : records.partitions()) {
                List<ConsumerRecord<String, String>> pRecords = records.records(partition);
                for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : pRecords) {

                    System.out.printf("partition= %d, offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n", record.partition(), record.offset(), record.key(), record.value());
                }
                long lastOffset = pRecords.get(pRecords.size() - 1).offset();
                // 手动提交
                Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> offset = new HashMap();
                offset.put(partition, new OffsetAndMetadata(lastOffset + 1));
                consumer.commitSync(offset);
            }
        }
    }

　　

二：Consumer API的多线程处理

 1.第一种方式

　　

2.程序

package com.jun.kafka.consumer;

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.OffsetAndMetadata;
import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition;
import org.apache.kafka.common.errors.WakeupException;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

public class ConsumerThreadSample {
    private final static String TOPIC_NAME="caojun-topic";

    /*
        这种类型是经典模式，每一个线程单独创建一个KafkaConsumer，用于保证线程安全
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        KafkaConsumerRunner r1 = new KafkaConsumerRunner();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(r1);

        t1.start();

        Thread.sleep(15000);

        r1.shutdown();
    }

    public static class KafkaConsumerRunner implements Runnable{
        private final AtomicBoolean closed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
        private final KafkaConsumer consumer;

        public KafkaConsumerRunner() {
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.put("bootstrap.servers", "192.168.19.129:9092");
            props.put("group.id", "test");
            props.put("enable.auto.commit", "false");
            props.put("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
            props.put("session.timeout.ms", "30000");
            props.put("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
            props.put("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");

            consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(props);

            TopicPartition p0 = new TopicPartition(TOPIC_NAME, 0);
            TopicPartition p1 = new TopicPartition(TOPIC_NAME, 1);

            consumer.assign(Arrays.asList(p0,p1));
        }


        public void run() {
            try {
                while(!closed.get()) {
                    //处理消息
                    ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(10000));

                    for (TopicPartition partition : records.partitions()) {
                        List<ConsumerRecord<String, String>> pRecord = records.records(partition);
                        // 处理每个分区的消息
                        for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : pRecord) {
                            System.out.printf("patition = %d , offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n",
                                    record.partition(),record.offset(), record.key(), record.value());
                        }

                        // 返回去告诉kafka新的offset
                        long lastOffset = pRecord.get(pRecord.size() - 1).offset();
                        // 注意加1
                        consumer.commitSync(Collections.singletonMap(partition, new OffsetAndMetadata(lastOffset + 1)));
                    }

                }
            }catch(WakeupException e) {
                if(!closed.get()) {
                    throw e;
                }
            }finally {
                consumer.close();
            }
        }

        public void shutdown() {
            closed.set(true);
            consumer.wakeup();
        }
    }

}

　　

3.第二种方式

　　这种方式，是没有办法提交offset的，只是为了快速消费数据

　　

4.程序

package com.jun.kafka.consumer;

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class ConsumerRecordThreadSample {
    private final static String TOPIC_NAME = "caojun-topic";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        String brokerList = "192.168.19.129:9092";
        String groupId = "test";
        int workerNum = 5;

        CunsumerExecutor consumers = new CunsumerExecutor(brokerList, groupId, TOPIC_NAME);
        consumers.execute(workerNum);

        Thread.sleep(1000000);

        consumers.shutdown();

    }

    // Consumer处理
    public static class CunsumerExecutor{
        private final KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;
        private ExecutorService executors;

        public CunsumerExecutor(String brokerList, String groupId, String topic) {
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.put("bootstrap.servers", brokerList);
            props.put("group.id", groupId);
            props.put("enable.auto.commit", "true");
            props.put("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
            props.put("session.timeout.ms", "30000");
            props.put("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
            props.put("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
            consumer = new KafkaConsumer<>(props);
            consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(topic));
        }

        public void execute(int workerNum) {
            executors = new ThreadPoolExecutor(workerNum, workerNum, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1000), new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());

            while (true) {
                ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(200);
                for (final ConsumerRecord record : records) {
                    executors.submit(new ConsumerRecordWorker(record));
                }
            }
        }

        public void shutdown() {
            if (consumer != null) {
                consumer.close();
            }
            if (executors != null) {
                executors.shutdown();
            }
            try {
                if (!executors.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
                    System.out.println("Timeout.... Ignore for this case");
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
                System.out.println("Other thread interrupted this shutdown, ignore for this case.");
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            }
        }


    }

    // 记录处理
    public static class ConsumerRecordWorker implements Runnable {

        private ConsumerRecord<String, String> record;

        public ConsumerRecordWorker(ConsumerRecord record) {
            this.record = record;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            // 假如说数据入库操作
            System.out.println("Thread - "+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.err.printf("patition = %d , offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n",
                    record.partition(), record.offset(), record.key(), record.value());
        }

    }
}

三：一些其他的特性

1.手动控制offset

/**
     * 手动指定offset的起始位置，手动提交offset
     *
     * 手动指定offset起始位置
     *  1、人为控制offset起始位置
     *  2、如果出现程序错误，重复消费一次
     *
     * 步骤
     *   1、第一次从0消费【一般情况】
     *   2、比如一次消费了100条， offset置为101并且存入Redis
     *   3、每次poll之前，从redis中获取最新的offset位置
     *   4、每次从这个位置开始消费
     *
     * 建议
     *   1.使用redis进行保存
     */

    public static void controllerOffset() {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("bootstrap.servers", "192.168.19.129:9092");
        properties.setProperty("group.id", "test");
        properties.setProperty("enable.auto.commit", "false");
        properties.setProperty("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
        properties.setProperty("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        properties.setProperty("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");

        KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer(properties);
        TopicPartition p0 = new TopicPartition(TOPIC_NAME, 0);

        // 订阅partition
        consumer.assign(Arrays.asList(p0));
        while (true) {
            // 设置offset
            consumer.seek(p0, 5);
            // 1000毫秒拉取一次
            ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
            // 操作维度是partition了，每个partition单独处理
            for (TopicPartition partition : records.partitions()) {
                List<ConsumerRecord<String, String>> pRecords = records.records(partition);
                for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : pRecords) {

                    System.out.printf("partition= %d, offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n", record.partition(), record.offset(), record.key(), record.value());
                }
                long lastOffset = pRecords.get(pRecords.size() - 1).offset();
                // 手动提交
                Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> offset = new HashMap();
                offset.put(partition, new OffsetAndMetadata(lastOffset + 1));
                consumer.commitSync(offset);
            }
        }
    }

　　

2.限流

/**
     * 限流
     */
    public static void controllerLimit() {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("bootstrap.servers", "192.168.19.129:9092");
        properties.setProperty("group.id", "test");
        properties.setProperty("enable.auto.commit", "false");
        properties.setProperty("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
        properties.setProperty("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        properties.setProperty("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");

        KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer(properties);

        TopicPartition p0 = new TopicPartition(TOPIC_NAME, 0);
        TopicPartition p1 = new TopicPartition(TOPIC_NAME, 1);

        long totalNum = 100;

        // 订阅partition
        consumer.assign(Arrays.asList(p0, p1));
        while (true) {
            // 1000毫秒拉取一次
            ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
            // 操作维度是partition了，每个partition单独处理
            for (TopicPartition partition : records.partitions()) {
                List<ConsumerRecord<String, String>> pRecords = records.records(partition);
                long num = 0;
                for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : pRecords) {
                    System.out.printf("partition= %d, offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n", record.partition(), record.offset(), record.key(), record.value());
                     /*
                        1、接收到record信息以后，去令牌桶中拿取令牌
                        2、如果获取到令牌，则继续业务处理
                        3、如果获取不到令牌， 则pause等待令牌
                        4、当令牌桶中的令牌足够， 则将consumer置为resume状态
                     */
                    num++;
                    if(record.partition() == 0){
                        if(num >= totalNum){
                            consumer.pause(Arrays.asList(p0));
                        }
                    }

                    if(record.partition() == 1){
                        if(num == 40){
                            consumer.resume(Arrays.asList(p0));
                        }
                    }

                }
                long lastOffset = pRecords.get(pRecords.size() - 1).offset();
                // 手动提交
                Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> offset = new HashMap();
                offset.put(partition, new OffsetAndMetadata(lastOffset + 1));
                consumer.commitSync(offset);
            }
        }
    }

　　

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/juncaoit/p/13419991.html