volatile 关键词

volatile 关键字指示一个字段可以由多个同时执行的线程修改。 出于性能原因,编译器,运行时系统甚至硬件都可能重新排列对存储器位置的读取和写入。 声明了 volatile 的字段不进行这些优化。这样可以确保该字段在任何时间呈现的都是最新的值。

volatile 关键字可应用于以下类型的字段:

  • 引用类型。
  • 指针类型(在不安全的上下文中)。 请注意,虽然指针本身可以是可变的,但是它指向的对象不能是可变的。 换句话说,不能声明“指向可变对象的指针”。
  • 简单类型,如 sbytebyteshortushortintuintcharfloat 和 bool
  • 具有以下基本类型之一的 enum 类型:bytesbyteshortushortint 或 uint
  • 已知为引用类型的泛型类型参数。
  • IntPtr 和 UIntPtr

其他类型(包括 double 和 long)无法标记为 volatile,因为对这些类型的字段的读取和写入不能保证是原子的。 若要保护对这些类型字段的多线程访问,请使用 Interlocked 类成员或使用 lock 语句保护访问权限。

volatile 关键字只能应用于 class 或 struct 的字段。 不能将局部变量声明为 volatile

public class Worker
{
    // This method is called when the thread is started.
    public void DoWork()
    {
        bool work = false;
        while (!_shouldStop)
        {
            work = !work; // simulate some work
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Worker thread: terminating gracefully.");
    }
    public void RequestStop()
    {
        _shouldStop = true;
    }
    // Keyword volatile is used as a hint to the compiler that this data
    // member is accessed by multiple threads.
    private volatile bool _shouldStop;
}

public class WorkerThreadExample
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Create the worker thread object. This does not start the thread.
        Worker workerObject = new Worker();
        Thread workerThread = new Thread(workerObject.DoWork);

        // Start the worker thread.
        workerThread.Start();
        Console.WriteLine("Main thread: starting worker thread...");

        // Loop until the worker thread activates.
        while (!workerThread.IsAlive)
            ;

        // Put the main thread to sleep for 500 milliseconds to
        // allow the worker thread to do some work.
        Thread.Sleep(500);

        // Request that the worker thread stop itself.
        workerObject.RequestStop();

        // Use the Thread.Join method to block the current thread 
        // until the object's thread terminates.
        workerThread.Join();
        Console.WriteLine("Main thread: worker thread has terminated.");
    }
    // Sample output:
    // Main thread: starting worker thread...
    // Worker thread: terminating gracefully.
    // Main thread: worker thread has terminated.
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jshchg/p/11671580.html