spring-boot 速成(9) druid+mybatis 多数据源及读写分离的处理

上节继续学习,稍微复杂的业务系统,一般会将数据库按业务拆开,比如产品系统的数据库放在product db中,订单系统的数据库放在order db中...,然后,如果量大了,可能每个库还要考虑做读、写分离,以进一步提高系统性能,下面就来看看如何处理:

核心思路:配置多个数据源,然后利用RoutingDataSource结合AOP来动态切不同的库。

要解决的问题:

1、配置文件中,多数据源的配置节点如何设计?

复制代码
 1 druid:
 2     type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
 3     study:
 4       master: #study库的主库
 5         url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/study?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useUnicode=true
 6         driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
 7         username: root
 8         password: A1b2c3@def.com
 9         initial-size: 5
10         min-idle: 1
11         max-active: 20
12         test-on-borrow: true
13       slave: #study库的从库
14         url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/study_slave?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useUnicode=true
15         driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
16         username: root
17         password: A1b2c3@def.com
18         initial-size: 5
19         min-idle: 1
20         max-active: 20
21         test-on-borrow: true
22     product:
23       master: #product库的主库
24         url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/product?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useUnicode=true
25         driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
26         username: root
27         password: A1b2c3@def.com
28         initial-size: 5
29         min-idle: 1
30         max-active: 20
31         test-on-borrow: true
32       slave: #product库的从库
33         url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/product_slave?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useUnicode=true
34         driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
35         username: root
36         password: A1b2c3@def.com
37         initial-size: 5
38         min-idle: 1
39         max-active: 20
40         test-on-borrow: true
复制代码

上面的配置写法供参数,如果slave节点数要扩展,按这个格式,改造成slave1,slave2... 自行扩展。

2、配置类如何设计?

 1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.config;
 2 
 3 /**
 4  * Created by jimmy on 6/18/17.
 5  */
 6 
 7 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.datasource.DbContextHolder;
 8 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.datasource.MasterSlaveRoutingDataSource;
 9 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
10 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
11 import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
12 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
13 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
14 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
15 import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
16 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
17 
18 import javax.sql.DataSource;
19 import java.util.HashMap;
20 import java.util.Map;
21 
22 
23 @Configuration
24 @EnableTransactionManagement
25 public class DataSourceConfiguration {
26 
27     @Value("${druid.type}")
28     private Class<? extends DataSource> dataSourceType;
29 
30     @Bean(name = "studyMasterDataSource")
31     @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "druid.study.master")
32     public DataSource studyMasterDataSource() {
33         return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
34     }
35 
36     @Bean(name = "studySlaveDataSource")
37     @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "druid.study.slave")
38     public DataSource studySlaveDataSource1() {
39         return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
40     }
41 
42     @Bean(name = "productMasterDataSource")
43     @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "druid.product.master")
44     public DataSource productMasterDataSource() {
45         return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
46     }
47 
48     @Bean(name = "productSlaveDataSource")
49     @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "druid.product.slave")
50     public DataSource productSlaveDataSource1() {
51         return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
52     }
53 
54     @Bean(name = "dataSource")
55     @Primary
56     public AbstractRoutingDataSource dataSource() {
57         MasterSlaveRoutingDataSource proxy = new MasterSlaveRoutingDataSource();
58         Map<Object, Object> targetDataResources = new HashMap<>();
59         targetDataResources.put(DbContextHolder.DbType.PRODUCT_MASTER, productMasterDataSource());
60         targetDataResources.put(DbContextHolder.DbType.PRODUCT_SLAVE, productSlaveDataSource1());
61         targetDataResources.put(DbContextHolder.DbType.STUDY_MASTER, studyMasterDataSource());
62         targetDataResources.put(DbContextHolder.DbType.STUDY_SLAVE, studySlaveDataSource1());
63         proxy.setDefaultTargetDataSource(productMasterDataSource());
64         proxy.setTargetDataSources(targetDataResources);
65         proxy.afterPropertiesSet();
66         return proxy;
67     }
68 
69 }
View Code

参考这个,一看就明,不说多(注:@Primary一定要在动态数据源上,否则事务回滚无效!)

3、根据什么来切换db?

有很多选择,

a、用约定的方法前缀,比如:get/query/list开头的约定为读从库,其它为主库,但是这样还要考虑不同业务库的切换(即:何时切换到product库,何时切换到order库,可以再用不同的Scanner来处理,略复杂)

b、用自定义注解来处理,比如 @ProductMaster注解,表示切换到product的master库,这样同时把业务库,以及主还是从,一次性解决了,推荐这种。

这里,我定义了4个注解,代表product,study二个库的主及从。

4、aop在哪里拦截,如何拦截?

service层和mapper层都可以拦截,推荐在服务层拦截,否则如果一个业务方法里,即有读又有写,还得考虑如果遇到事务,要考虑的东西更多。

当然,如果拦截特定的注解,就不用过多考虑在哪个层,只认注解就行(当然,注解还是建议打在服务层上)。

dubbo-starter的一个小坑:spring boot中,只有managed bean才能用aop拦截,而dubbo-starter中的@service注解不是spring中的注解(是阿里package下的自定义注解),生成的service provider实例,aop拦截不到,解决办法,再加一个注解让spring认识它,参考:

Aop拦截类的参考代码如下:

  1 package com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.aspect;
  2 
  3 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.annotation.ProductMaster;
  4 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.annotation.ProductSlave;
  5 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.annotation.StudyMaster;
  6 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.annotation.StudySlave;
  7 import com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.datasource.DbContextHolder;
  8 import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
  9 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
 10 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
 11 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 12 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 13 import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
 14 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 15 
 16 
 17 @Aspect
 18 @Component
 19 public class MasterSlaveAspect implements Ordered {
 20 
 21     public static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MasterSlaveAspect.class);
 22 
 23 
 24     /**
 25      * 切换到product主库
 26      *
 27      * @param proceedingJoinPoint
 28      * @param productMaster
 29      * @return
 30      * @throws Throwable
 31      */
 32     @Around("@annotation(productMaster)")
 33     public Object proceed(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint, ProductMaster productMaster) throws Throwable {
 34         try {
 35             logger.info("set database connection to product-master only");
 36             DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbContextHolder.DbType.PRODUCT_MASTER);
 37             Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
 38             return result;
 39         } finally {
 40             DbContextHolder.clearDbType();
 41             logger.info("restore database connection");
 42         }
 43     }
 44 
 45 
 46     /**
 47      * 切换到product从库
 48      *
 49      * @param proceedingJoinPoint
 50      * @param productSlave
 51      * @return
 52      * @throws Throwable
 53      */
 54     @Around("@annotation(productSlave)")
 55     public Object proceed(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint, ProductSlave productSlave) throws Throwable {
 56         try {
 57             logger.info("set database connection to product-slave only");
 58             DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbContextHolder.DbType.PRODUCT_SLAVE);
 59             Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
 60             return result;
 61         } finally {
 62             DbContextHolder.clearDbType();
 63             logger.info("restore database connection");
 64         }
 65     }
 66 
 67     /**
 68      * 切换到study主库
 69      *
 70      * @param proceedingJoinPoint
 71      * @param studyMaster
 72      * @return
 73      * @throws Throwable
 74      */
 75     @Around("@annotation(studyMaster)")
 76     public Object proceed(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint, StudyMaster studyMaster) throws Throwable {
 77         try {
 78             logger.info("set database connection to study-master only");
 79             DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbContextHolder.DbType.STUDY_MASTER);
 80             Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
 81             return result;
 82         } finally {
 83             DbContextHolder.clearDbType();
 84             logger.info("restore database connection");
 85         }
 86     }
 87 
 88     /**
 89      * 切换到study从库
 90      *
 91      * @param proceedingJoinPoint
 92      * @param studySlave
 93      * @return
 94      * @throws Throwable
 95      */
 96     @Around("@annotation(studySlave)")
 97     public Object proceed(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint, StudySlave studySlave) throws Throwable {
 98         try {
 99             logger.info("set database connection to study-slave only");
100             DbContextHolder.setDbType(DbContextHolder.DbType.STUDY_SLAVE);
101             Object result = proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
102             return result;
103         } finally {
104             DbContextHolder.clearDbType();
105             logger.info("restore database connection");
106         }
107     }
108 
109     @Override
110     public int getOrder() {
111         return 0;
112     }
113 }
View Code

5、其它事项

启用类上,一定要排除spring-boot自带的datasource配置,即:

1 @SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
2 @EnableAspectJAutoProxy
3 @ComponentScan("com.cnblogs.yjmyzz")
4 @MapperScan(basePackages = "com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.dao.mapper")
5 public class ServiceProvider {
6     public static void main(String[] args) {
7         SpringApplication.run(ServiceProvider.class, args);
8     }
9 }
View Code

第1行:@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})

6、日志中如何输出格式化且带参数值的sql?

一般的sql输出是这样的:

我们可以把它变成下面这样:

是不是更友好!

方法:加一个mybtais的拦截器即可

这里面还用了hibernate的一个小工具,用于格式化sql

接下来,把这个拦截器配置在mybatis-config.xml里

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
 3         "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
 4 <configuration>
 5     <settings>
 6         <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
 7     </settings>
 8 
 9     <plugins>
10         <plugin interceptor="com.cnblogs.yjmyzz.db.interceptor.MybatisInterceptor">
11         </plugin>
12     </plugins>
13 
14 </configuration>
View Code

最后在application.yml里指定mybatis-config.xml所在的路径:

示例源码见:https://github.com/yjmyzz/spring-boot-dubbo-demo (dubbox2.8.5-multi-ds分支)

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/8250888.html