kotlin 语言入门指南(二)--代码风格

语言风格

这里整理了 kotlin 惯用的代码风格,如果你有喜爱的代码风格,可以在 github 上给 kotlin 提 pull request 。

创建DTOs(POJSs/POCOs) 文件

data class Customer(val name: String, val email: String)

上述代码提供了一个包含以下功能的 Customer 类:

  • getters (and setters in case of vars) for all properties
  • equals()
  • hashCode()
  • toString()
  • copy()
  • component1()component2(), …, 等等 (请查看 Data classes)

 函数参数默认值:

fun foo(a: Int = 0, b: String = "") { ... }

过滤一个 List

val positives = list.filter { x -> x > 0 }

还可以更简洁:

val positives = list.filter { it > 0 }

$ 操作符给字符串中插入变量 :

println("Name $name")

类型实例检查:

1 when (x) {
2     is Foo -> ...
3     is Bar -> ...
4     else   -> ...
5 }

Map/List 的名值对遍历:

1 for ((k, v) in map) {
2     println("$k -> $v")
3 }

k, v 的命名可以是任何字符

使用 Ranges(区间):

1 for (i in 1..100) { ... }  // 闭区间: 包含 100
2 for (i in 1 until 100) { ... } // 半开区间: 不包含 100
3 for (x in 2..10 step 2) { ... }  // x自增2
4 for (x in 10 downTo 1) { ... }  // 倒序遍历
5 if (x in 1..10) { ... }   // x是否在区间

只读List

val list = listOf("a", "b", "c")

只读Map

1 val map = mapOf("a" to 1, "b" to 2, "c" to 3)

访问Map

1 println(map["key"])
2 map["key"] = value

 lazy属性:

1 val p: String by lazy {
2     // compute the string
3 }

函数扩展:

1 fun String.spaceToCamelCase() { ... }
2 
3 "Convert this to camelcase".spaceToCamelCase()

 创建单例:

1 object Resource {
2     val name = "Name"
3 }

if 判空(null)的快捷方式:

1 val files = File("Test").listFiles()
2 
3 println(files?.size)

有else:

1 val files = File("Test").listFiles()
2 
3 println(files?.size ?: "empty")

如果为空则执行语句

1 val data = ...
2 val email = data["email"] ?: throw IllegalStateException("Email is missing!")

为空则执行操作:

1 val data = ...
2 
3 data?.let {
4     ... // execute this block if not null
5 }

when语句里返回:

1 fun transform(color: String): Int {
2     return when (color) {
3         "Red" -> 0
4         "Green" -> 1
5         "Blue" -> 2
6         else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid color param value")
7     }
8 }

 try/catch:

1 fun test() {
2     val result = try {
3         count()
4     } catch (e: ArithmeticException) {
5         throw IllegalStateException(e)
6     }
7 
8     // Working with result
9 }

IF:

1 fun foo(param: Int) {
2     val result = if (param == 1) {
3         "one"
4     } else if (param == 2) {
5         "two"
6     } else {
7         "three"
8     }
9 }

 生成器模式写法返回 Unit

1 fun arrayOfMinusOnes(size: Int): IntArray {
2     return IntArray(size).apply { fill(-1) }
3 }

单行表达式:

fun theAnswer() = 42

相当于:

1 fun theAnswer(): Int {
2     return 42
3 }

可以高效地与其他语法配合,是代码更简洁,如下面的 when

1 fun transform(color: String): Int = when (color) {
2     "Red" -> 0
3     "Green" -> 1
4     "Blue" -> 2
5     else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid color param value")
6 }

 使用 With 语句可以调用一个对象里的多个方法:

 1 class Turtle {
 2     fun penDown()
 3     fun penUp()
 4     fun turn(degrees: Double)
 5     fun forward(pixels: Double)
 6 }
 7 
 8 val myTurtle = Turtle()
 9 with(myTurtle) { //draw a 100 pix square
10     penDown()
11     for(i in 1..4) {
12         forward(100.0)
13         turn(90.0)
14     }
15     penUp()
16 }

支持Java 7 的文件操作方式:

1 val stream = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get("/some/file.txt"))
2 stream.buffered().reader().use { reader ->
3     println(reader.readText())
4 }

为声明需要泛型信息的泛型方法提供更为方便的格式:

1 //  public final class Gson {
2 //     ...
3 //     public <T> T fromJson(JsonElement json, Class<T> classOfT) throws JsonSyntaxException {
4 //     ...
5 
6 inline fun <reified T: Any> Gson.fromJson(json): T = this.fromJson(json, T::class.java)

 Boolean 值可以是null:

1 val b: Boolean? = ...
2 if (b == true) {
3     ...
4 } else {
5     // `b` is false or null
6 }

 转载请注明原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/joejs/p/6878128.html

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/joejs/p/6878128.html