CALayer简介(转)

一.简单介绍 
  在iOS中,你能看得见摸得着的东西基本上都是UIView,比如一个按钮,一个文本标签,一个文本输入框,一个图标等等,这些都是UIView。 
  其实UIView之所以能显示在屏幕上,完全是因为它内部的一个图层,在创建UIView对象时,UIView内部会自动创建一个图层(即CALayer对象),通过UIView的layer属性可以访问这个层。 
  当UIView需要显示到屏幕上时,会调用drawRect:方法进行绘图,并且会将所有内容绘制在自己的图层上,绘图完毕后,系统会将图层拷贝到屏幕上,于是就完成了UIView的显示。 
  换句话说,UIView本身不具备显示的功能,拥有显示功能的是它内部的图层。

二.简单使用 
  UIView之所以能够显示,完全是因为内部的CALayer对象。因此,通过操作这个CALayer对象,可以很方便地调整UIView的一些界面属性。比如:阴影,圆角大小,边框宽度和颜色等。 
  1.通过layer设置边框的宽度和颜色

#import "ViewController.h"

#define ScreenWidth          [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width
#define ScreenHeight         [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height

#define ViewWidth            100
#define ViewHeight           100

@interface ViewController ()

@property(nonatomic,strong) UIView *customView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    _customView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(ScreenWidth/2 - ViewWidth/2,
                                                           ScreenHeight/2 - ViewHeight/2,
                                                           ViewWidth,
                                                           ViewHeight)];
    [self.view addSubview:_customView];
    //设置边框的宽度为20
    _customView.layer.borderWidth = 20;
    //设置边框的颜色
    _customView.layer.borderColor = [UIColor greenColor].CGColor;
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

@end

2.通过layer设置边框为圆角

//设置layer的圆角
_customView.layer.cornerRadius = 20;

3.在layer上添加一张图片

#import "ViewController.h"

#define ScreenWidth          [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width
#define ScreenHeight         [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height

#define ViewWidth            100
#define ViewHeight           100

@interface ViewController ()

@property(nonatomic,strong) UIView *customView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    _customView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(ScreenWidth/2 - ViewWidth/2,
                                                           ScreenHeight/2 - ViewHeight/2,
                                                           ViewWidth,
                                                           ViewHeight)];
    [self.view addSubview:_customView];
    //设置边框的宽度为5
    _customView.layer.borderWidth = 2;
    //设置边框的颜色
    _customView.layer.borderColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
    //设置layer的圆角
    _customView.layer.cornerRadius = 2;
    //在view的图层上添加一个image,contents表示接受内容
    _customView.layer.contents = (id)[UIImage imageNamed:@"logo.jpg"].CGImage;
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

@end

说明:contents是id类型,可以接受内容。 
  上面的实例让layer显示一张图片,仔细观察可以发现四个圆角的部分露了一个角出来。 
  那是因为设置的image不是展示在主图层上的,而是显示在子图层上的。可以通过一个范围,设置超出主图层的部分把它给剪切掉。 
  有两种方法,建议使用layer中的方法

//第一种方法:UI框架中使用的方法
self.customView.clipsToBounds = YES;
//第二种方法
_customView.layer.masksToBounds = YES;

注意:layer中不能直接接受UI框架中的东西。

4.设置阴影 
设置阴影,不光需要设置阴影颜色,还应该设置阴影的偏移位和透明度。 
因为如果不设置偏移位的话,那么阴影和layer完全重叠,且默认透明度为0(即完全透明)。

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    _customView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(ScreenWidth/2 - ViewWidth/2,
                                                           ScreenHeight/2 - ViewHeight/2,
                                                           ViewWidth,
                                                           ViewHeight)];
    [self.view addSubview:_customView];
    //设置layer的颜色
    _customView.layer.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor].CGColor;
    //设置阴影的颜色
    _customView.layer.shadowColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
    //设置阴影的偏移量,如果为正数,则代表为往右边偏移
    _customView.layer.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(15, 5);
    //设置阴影的透明度(0~1之间,0表示完全透明)
    _customView.layer.shadowOpacity = 0.6f;
}

补充说明:如果设置了超过主图层的部分剪掉,则设置阴影不会有显示效果。

5.设置图片的形变属性(transform)

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    _customView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(ScreenWidth/2 - ViewWidth/2,
                                                           ScreenHeight/2 - ViewHeight/2,
                                                           ViewWidth,
                                                           ViewHeight)];
    [self.view addSubview:_customView];
    //设置layer的颜色
    _customView.layer.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor].CGColor;



}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
    //通过UIView设置(2D效果)
    //_customView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(0, -100);
    //通过layer来设置(3D效果,x,y,z三个方向)
    _customView.layer.transform = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(100,20,0);
}

@end

6.使用KVC进行设置

@interface ViewController ()

@property(nonatomic,strong) UIView *customView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    _customView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(ScreenWidth/2 - ViewWidth/2,
                                                           ScreenHeight/2 - ViewHeight/2,
                                                           ViewWidth,
                                                           ViewHeight)];
    [self.view addSubview:_customView];
    //设置layer的颜色
    _customView.layer.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor].CGColor;
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
    //通过KVC来设置
    //NSValue *v = [NSValue valueWithCATransform3D:CATransform3DMakeTranslation(100,20,0)];
    //[_customView.layer setValue:v forKey:@"transform"];
    //如果是只需要设置在某一个方向上的移动,可以参考下面的代码
    //在x的方向上向左移动100
    [_customView.layer setValue:@(-100) forKeyPath:@"transform.translation.x"];
}
@end

下面的属性都可以通过KVC进行设置。 

7.简单实例 
旋转一个弧度

@interface ViewController ()

@property(nonatomic,strong) UIView *customView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    _customView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(ScreenWidth/2 - ViewWidth/2,
                                                           ScreenHeight/2 - ViewHeight/2,
                                                           ViewWidth,
                                                           ViewHeight)];
    [self.view addSubview:_customView];
    //设置layer的颜色
    _customView.layer.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor].CGColor;
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
    _customView.layer.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI_4, 1, 1, 0.5);
}
@end

补充:三维坐标系

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jiuyi/p/10103707.html