windows下tomcat集群配置（两种方法）

两种方法只是在配置上不同原理一样，因为apache2.X后其自身集成了mod_jk功能，相对于1.3版本，不需要再进行繁琐的worker.properties配置，配置过程大幅简化。

一、软件需求
　　操作系统：Windows XP
　　JDK：jdk1.6.0_16，下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html 。
　　Apache ：httpd-2.2.17 （一个），下载地址：http://httpd.apache.org/ 。
　　Tomcat：tomcat-7.0.2 （两个），下载地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi 。
　　mod_jk：mod_jk-apache-2.0.55.so （1个），下载地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi 。

二、环境搭建

　　安照上篇《windows下apache tomcat整合》中的方法安装jdk/apache/tomcat

三、环境配置（两种配置）

　　1.  原始配置

　　　　(1)apache配置

　　　　　　 1>mod_jk.conf(apache/conf)

mod_jk.conf

# 加载mod_jk模块，此处的mod_jk.so为你复制到modules/下的mod_jk名   
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk-apache-2.2.2.so
# 指定 workers.properties文件路径（指定tomcat监听配置文件地址
JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
# 设置日志存放路径   
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
# 设置日志级别 [debug/error/info]   
JkLogLevel info   
# 设置日志格式   
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]"  
# JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE,   
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories   
# JkRequestLogFormat set the request format   
JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T"  

#设置虚拟主机
#<VirtualHost localhost>
#如果非虚拟主机，将<VirtualHost localhost>和最后的</VirtualHost>注释或者删除掉即可
#ServerAdmin localhost
#DocumentRoot E:/wwwroot
#<Directory "E:/wwwroot">
#您的站点项目所在路径，应与tomcat中的目录设置相同，据说以上两个必须同时设置才可以生效，没有试过不同的时候会有什么情况
#ServerName localhost
#DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.jsp
#ErrorLog logs/shsc-error_log.txt
#CustomLog logs/shsc-access_log.txt common
#JkMount /servlet/* ajp13 
#让Apache支持对servlet传送，用以Tomcat解析
#JkMount /*.jsp ajp13 
#让Apache支持对jsp传送，用以Tomcat解析
#JkMount /*.do ajp13 
#让Apache支持对.do传送，用以Tomcat解析
#</VirtualHost>

#Send servlet for context /examples to worker named #ajp13，指定那些请求交给tomcat处理,"controller"为在workers.propertise里指定的负载分配控制器（让Apache支持对jsp传送，用以Tomcat解析）
JkMount /*.jsp controller
JkMount /*.do controller 
JkMount /*.dd controller
JkMount /*.ee controller
JkMount /servlet/* controller
JkMount /gwyhr* controller

                  2>httpd.conf(apache/conf)

#
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2> for detailed information.
# In particular, see 
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html>
# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.  
#
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo.log"
# with ServerRoot set to "D:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2" will be interpreted by the
# server as "D:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/logs/foo.log".
#
# NOTE: Where filenames are specified, you must use forward slashes
# instead of backslashes (e.g., "c:/apache" instead of "c:\apache").
# If a drive letter is omitted, the drive on which httpd.exe is located
# will be used by default.  It is recommended that you always supply
# an explicit drive letter in absolute paths to avoid confusion.

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path.  If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to point the LockFile directive
# at a local disk.  If you wish to share the same ServerRoot for multiple
# httpd daemons, you will need to change at least LockFile and PidFile.
#
ServerRoot "D:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2"

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80

#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
#LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so
#LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so
#LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so
#LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so
#LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so
LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so
LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so
#LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so
#LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so
LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
#LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so
LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
#LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
#LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
#LoadModule charset_lite_module modules/mod_charset_lite.so
#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
#LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
#LoadModule dav_lock_module modules/mod_dav_lock.so
#LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so

######apache启用gzip压缩######
#加载mod_deflate.so模块
LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
#对text/html text/php text/png text/jpg text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript启用GZIP压缩
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/php text/png text/jpg text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript
#压缩级别 9 性能最佳
DeflateCompressionLevel 9
#启用deflate模块对本站点的所有输出进行GZIP压缩
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
#############################

LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
#LoadModule disk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so
#LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so
LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
#LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so
#LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so
#LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so
#LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so
#LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
#LoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.so
#LoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.so
LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
#LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so
LoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.so
#LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so
#LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
#LoadModule log_forensic_module modules/mod_log_forensic.so
#LoadModule mem_cache_module modules/mod_mem_cache.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
#LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so
LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
#LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
#LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
#LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
#LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so
#LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so
#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
#LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so
#LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
#LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
#LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so
#LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so
#LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so
#LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so
#LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
#LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so

<IfModule !mpm_netware_module>
<IfModule !mpm_winnt_module>
#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.  
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User daemon
Group daemon

</IfModule>
</IfModule>

# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#

#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
ServerAdmin zbjbox@gmail.com

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName localhost:80

#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "D:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/htdocs"

#
# Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect
# to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that
# directory (and its subdirectories). 
#
# First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of 
# features.  
#
<Directory />
    Options FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Order deny,allow
    Deny from all
</Directory>

#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#

#
# This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.
#
<Directory "D:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/htdocs">
    #
    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
    # or any combination of:
    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
    #
    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
    # doesn't give it to you.
    #
    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
    # for more information.
    #
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    #
    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    #
    AllowOverride None

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    #
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all

</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
# 此处加上index.jsp是为了配置完tomcat后若apache中的index.html不存在则能看到tomcat的首页（可以不加，则看到的是it works）
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.jsp
</IfModule>

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being 
# viewed by Web clients. 
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
    Order allow,deny
    Deny from all
    Satisfy All
</FilesMatch>

#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog "logs/error.log"

#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>
      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>

    #
    # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
    # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
    # container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do*
    # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
    # logged therein and *not* in this file.
    #
    CustomLog "logs/access.log" common

    #
    # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
    # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
    #
    #CustomLog "logs/access.log" combined
</IfModule>


<IfModule alias_module>
    #
    # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to 
    # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client 
    # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
    # Example:
    # Redirect permanent /foo http://localhost/bar

    #
    # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
    # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
    # Example:
    # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
    #
    # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
    # require it to be present in the URL.  You will also likely
    # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
    # the filesystem path.

    #
    # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. 
    # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
    # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
    # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
    # client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
    # directives as to Alias.
    #
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "D:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

<IfModule cgid_module>
    #
    # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX
    # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.
    #
    #Scriptsock logs/cgisock
</IfModule>

#
# "D:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "D:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options None
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>

#
# DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document
# if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.
# If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is
# a good value.  If most of your content is binary, such as applications
# or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to
# keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are
# text.
#
DefaultType text/plain

<IfModule mime_module>
    #
    # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
    # filename extension to MIME-type.
    #
    TypesConfig conf/mime.types

    #
    # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
    # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
    #
    #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
    #
    # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
    # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
    #
    #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
    #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
    #
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    #
    # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
    # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
    # or added with the Action directive (see below)
    #
    # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
    # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

    # For type maps (negotiated resources):
    #AddHandler type-map var

    #
    # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
    #
    # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
    # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddType text/html .shtml
    #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>

#
# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
# contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile
# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
#
#MIMEMagicFile conf/magic

#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://localhost/subscription_info.html
#

#
# MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before
# returning the entire resource, or one of the special
# values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'.
# Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges.
#MaxRanges unlimited

#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, 
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted 
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
#
#EnableMMAP off
#EnableSendfile off

# Supplemental configuration
#
# The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be 
# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of 
# the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as 
# necessary.

# Server-pool management (MPM specific)
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf

# Multi-language error messages
#Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf

# Fancy directory listings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf

# Language settings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf

# User home directories
#Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf

# Real-time info on requests and configuration
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf

# Virtual hosts
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual
#Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf

# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
#Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf

# Various default settings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf

# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
#
# Note: The following must must be present to support
#       starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent
#       but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.
#
<IfModule ssl_module>
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
</IfModule>
include conf/mod_jk.conf

                  3>workers.properties(apache/conf)

#workers.tomcat_home=D:\software\apache-tomcat-6.0.20\apache-tomcat-6.0.20
#workers.java_home=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_18\jre
#ps=\
#worker.list=ajp13
#worker.ajp13.port=8009
#worker.ajp13.host=localhost
#worker.ajp13.type=ajp13
#worker.ajp13.lbfactor=1
#tomcat的路径，让mod_jk模块知道
workers.tomcat1_home=D:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\tomcat1
workers.tomcat2_home=D:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\tomcat2
workers.tomcat3_home=D:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\tomcat3
#jdk的路径，让mod_jk模块知道jre的位置
workers.java_home=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_18\jre
#路径分隔符
ps=\
#server 列表(tomcat1,tomcat2,tomcat3为别名)
worker.list = controller #模块版本
#========tomcat1========
worker.tomcat1.port=8009 #ajp13 端口号，在tomcat下server.xml配置,默认8009（工作端口,若没占用则不用修改）
worker.tomcat1.host=localhost #tomcat的主机地址，如不为本机，请填写ip地址
worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13 #类型
worker.tomcat1.lbfactor = 1 #server的加权比重，值越高，分得的请求越多（代理数,不用修改）
#========tomcat2========
worker.tomcat2.port=9009 #ajp13 端口号，在tomcat下server.xml配置,默认8009
worker.tomcat2.host=localhost #tomcat的主机地址，如不为本机，请填写ip地址
worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat2.lbfactor = 1 #server的加权比重，值越高，分得的请求越多
#========tomcat3========
worker.tomcat3.port=9010 #ajp13 端口号，在tomcat下server.xml配置,默认8009
worker.tomcat3.host=localhost #tomcat的主机地址，如不为本机，请填写ip地址
worker.tomcat3.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat3.lbfactor = 1 #server的加权比重，值越高，分得的请求越多
#========controller,负载均衡控制器========
worker.controller.type=lb
worker.controller.balanced_workers=tomcat1,tomcat2,tomcat3 #指定分担请求的tomcat
worker.controller.sticky_session=False #粘性会话设置

　         (2)tomcat配置

　　　　　　1>server.xml(tomcat/conf)

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
  <!-- JMX Support for the Tomcat server. Documentation at /docs/non-existent.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container", 
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">
  
    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <!--executor-->
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" 
        maxThreads="1000" minSpareThreads="350"/>
    
    
    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
         Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <!--type1-->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" 
               connectionTimeout="30000" 
               redirectPort="8443" 
               enableLookups="false" 
               maxThreads="1000" 
               minSpareThreads="25" 
               maxSpareThreads="75" 
               acceptCount="1000" 
               compression="on" 
               compressionMinSize="2048" 
               noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata" 
               compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml,text/css,text/javascript,image/gif,image/jpg" 
               URIEncoding="utf-8" />
    -->
    <!--type2-->
    <!--openNIO/executor/gzip-->
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8080" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" 
               connectionTimeout="30000" 
               redirectPort="8443" 
               enableLookups="false" 
               acceptCount="1000" 
               compression="on" 
               compressionMinSize="2048" 
               noCompressionUserAgents="gozilla, traviata" 
               compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml,text/css,text/javascript,text/plain,image/gif,image/jpg"
               URIEncoding="utf-8" />
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    <!--
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" 
               connectionTimeout="20000" 
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->           
    <!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
         This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the 
         connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration
         described in the APR documentation -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"
               maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />


    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">         
    --> 
    <Engine name="Catalina"  jvmRoute="tomcat1" defaultHost="localhost">

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
     
             

      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
                 channelSendOptions="6">

          <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
                   mapSendOptions="6"/>
          <!--
          <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
                   expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
                   notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
          -->        
          <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
            <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
                        address="228.0.0.4"
                        port="45564"
                        frequency="500"
                        dropTime="3000"/>
            <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
                      address="auto"
                      port="5000"
                      selectorTimeout="100"
                      maxThreads="6"/>

            <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
              <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
            </Sender>
            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
            <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/>
          </Channel>

          <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
                 filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.png;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.css;.*\.txt;"/>

          <!--
          <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
                    tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
                    deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
                    watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
                    watchEnabled="false"/>
          -->

          <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
      </Cluster>
      
      <!-- The request dumper valve dumps useful debugging information about
           the request and response data received and sent by Tomcat.
           Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
      <!--
      <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RequestDumperValve"/>
      -->

      <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
           resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
           that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
           available for use by the Realm.  -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
             resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

      <!-- Define the default virtual host
           Note: XML Schema validation will not work with Xerces 2.2.
       -->
      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"
            xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"  
               prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>
        -->

      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

                 2>web.xml(tomcat/conf)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<!-- ======================== Introduction ============================== -->
<!-- This document defines default values for *all* web applications -->
<!-- loaded into this instance of Tomcat. As each application is -->
<!-- deployed, this file is processed, followed by the -->
<!-- "/WEB-INF/web.xml" deployment descriptor from your own -->
<!-- applications. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- WARNING: Do not configure application-specific resources here! -->
<!-- They should go in the "/WEB-INF/web.xml" file in your application. -->

<!-- ================== Built In Servlet Definitions ==================== -->

<!-- The default servlet for all web applications, that serves static -->
<!-- resources. It processes all requests that are not mapped to other -->
<!-- servlets with servlet mappings (defined either here or in your own -->
<!-- web.xml file. This servlet supports the following initialization -->
<!-- parameters (default values are in square brackets): -->
<!-- -->
<!-- debug Debugging detail level for messages logged -->
<!-- by this servlet. [0] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- fileEncoding Encoding to be used to read static resources -->
<!-- [platform default] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- input Input buffer size (in bytes) when reading -->
<!-- resources to be served. [2048] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- listings Should directory listings be produced if there -->
<!-- is no welcome file in this directory? [false] -->
<!-- WARNING: Listings for directories with many -->
<!-- entries can be slow and may consume -->
<!-- significant proportions of server resources. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- output Output buffer size (in bytes) when writing -->
<!-- resources to be served. [2048] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- readonly Is this context "read only", so HTTP -->
<!-- commands like PUT and DELETE are -->
<!-- rejected? [true] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- readmeFile File name to display with the directory -->
<!-- contents. [null] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- sendfileSize If the connector used supports sendfile, this -->
<!-- represents the minimal file size in KB for -->
<!-- which sendfile will be used. Use a negative -->
<!-- value to always disable sendfile. [48] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- For directory listing customization. Checks localXsltFile, then -->
<!-- globalXsltFile, then defaults to original behavior. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- localXsltFile Make directory listings an XML doc and -->
<!-- pass the result to this style sheet residing -->
<!-- in that directory. This overrides -->
<!-- globalXsltFile[null] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- globalXsltFile Site wide configuration version of -->
<!-- localXsltFile This argument is expected -->
<!-- to be a physical file. [null] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>listings</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<!-- The "invoker" servlet, which executes anonymous servlet classes -->
<!-- that have not been defined in a web.xml file. Traditionally, this -->
<!-- servlet is mapped to the URL pattern "/servlet/*", but you can map -->
<!-- it to other patterns as well. The extra path info portion of such a -->
<!-- request must be the fully qualified class name of a Java class that -->
<!-- implements Servlet (or extends HttpServlet), or the servlet name -->
<!-- of an existing servlet definition. This servlet supports the -->
<!-- following initialization parameters (default values are in square -->
<!-- brackets): -->
<!-- -->
<!-- debug Debugging detail level for messages logged -->
<!-- by this servlet. [0] -->
<!--
<servlet>
<servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.apache.catalina.servlets.InvokerServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
-->

<!-- The JSP page compiler and execution servlet, which is the mechanism -->
<!-- used by Tomcat to support JSP pages. Traditionally, this servlet -->
<!-- is mapped to the URL pattern "*.jsp". This servlet supports the -->
<!-- following initialization parameters (default values are in square -->
<!-- brackets): -->
<!-- -->
<!-- checkInterval If development is false and checkInterval is -->
<!-- greater than zero, background compilations are -->
<!-- enabled. checkInterval is the time in seconds -->
<!-- between checks to see if a JSP page (and its -->
<!-- dependent files) needs to be recompiled. [0] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- classdebuginfo Should the class file be compiled with -->
<!-- debugging information? [true] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- classpath What class path should I use while compiling -->
<!-- generated servlets? [Created dynamically -->
<!-- based on the current web application] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- compiler Which compiler Ant should use to compile JSP -->
<!-- pages. See the jasper documentation for more -->
<!-- information. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- compilerSourceVM Compiler source VM -->
<!-- default is System.properties -->
<!-- java.specification.version > 1.4 -->
<!-- [1.5] else [1.4] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- compilerTargetVM Compiler target VM --> 
<!-- default is System.properties -->
<!-- java.specification.version > 1.4 -->
<!-- [1.5] else [1.4] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- development Is Jasper used in development mode? If true, -->
<!-- the frequency at which JSPs are checked for -->
<!-- modification may be specified via the -->
<!-- modificationTestInterval parameter. [true] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- displaySourceFragment -->
<!-- Should a source fragment be included in -->
<!-- exception messages? [true] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- dumpSmap Should the SMAP info for JSR45 debugging be -->
<!-- dumped to a file? [false] -->
<!-- False if suppressSmap is true -->
<!-- -->
<!-- enablePooling Determines whether tag handler pooling is -->
<!-- enabled [true] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- engineOptionsClass Allows specifying the Options class used to -->
<!-- configure Jasper. If not present, the default -->
<!-- EmbeddedServletOptions will be used. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- errorOnUseBeanInvalidClassAttribute -->
<!-- Should Jasper issue an error when the value of -->
<!-- the class attribute in an useBean action is -->
<!-- not a valid bean class? [true] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- fork Tell Ant to fork compiles of JSP pages so that -->
<!-- a separate JVM is used for JSP page compiles -->
<!-- from the one Tomcat is running in. [true] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- genStrAsCharArray Should text strings be generated as char -->
<!-- arrays, to improve performance in some cases? -->
<!-- [false] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- ieClassId The class-id value to be sent to Internet -->
<!-- Explorer when using <jsp:plugin> tags. -->
<!-- [clsid:8AD9C840-044E-11D1-B3E9-00805F499D93] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- javaEncoding Java file encoding to use for generating java -->
<!-- source files. [UTF8] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- keepgenerated Should we keep the generated Java source code -->
<!-- for each page instead of deleting it? [true] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- mappedfile Should we generate static content with one -->
<!-- print statement per input line, to ease -->
<!-- debugging? [true] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- modificationTestInterval -->
<!-- Causes a JSP (and its dependent files) to not -->
<!-- be checked for modification during the -->
<!-- specified time interval (in seconds) from the -->
<!-- last time the JSP was checked for -->
<!-- modification. A value of 0 will cause the JSP -->
<!-- to be checked on every access. -->
<!-- Used in development mode only. [4] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- scratchdir What scratch directory should we use when -->
<!-- compiling JSP pages? [default work directory -->
<!-- for the current web application] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- suppressSmap Should the generation of SMAP info for JSR45 -->
<!-- debugging be suppressed? [false] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- trimSpaces Should white spaces in template text between -->
<!-- actions or directives be trimmed? [false] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- xpoweredBy Determines whether X-Powered-By response -->
<!-- header is added by generated servlet [false] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- If you wish to use Jikes to compile JSP pages: -->
<!-- Please see the "Using Jikes" section of the Jasper-HowTo -->
<!-- page in the Tomcat documentation. -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>fork</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>xpoweredBy</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<!-- NOTE: An SSI Filter is also available as an alternative SSI -->
<!-- implementation. Use either the Servlet or the Filter but NOT both. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- Server Side Includes processing servlet, which processes SSI -->
<!-- directives in HTML pages consistent with similar support in web -->
<!-- servers like Apache. Traditionally, this servlet is mapped to the -->
<!-- URL pattern "*.shtml". This servlet supports the following -->
<!-- initialization parameters (default values are in square brackets): -->
<!-- -->
<!-- buffered Should output from this servlet be buffered? -->
<!-- (0=false, 1=true) [0] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- debug Debugging detail level for messages logged -->
<!-- by this servlet. [0] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- expires The number of seconds before a page with SSI -->
<!-- directives will expire. [No default] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- isVirtualWebappRelative -->
<!-- Should "virtual" paths be interpreted as -->
<!-- relative to the context root, instead of -->
<!-- the server root? (0=false, 1=true) [0] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- inputEncoding The encoding to assume for SSI resources if -->
<!-- one is not available from the resource. -->
<!-- [Platform default] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- outputEncoding The encoding to use for the page that results -->
<!-- from the SSI processing. [UTF-8] -->
<!--
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ssi</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.apache.catalina.ssi.SSIServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>buffered</param-name>
<param-value>1</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>expires</param-name>
<param-value>666</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>isVirtualWebappRelative</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>4</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
-->

<!-- Common Gateway Includes (CGI) processing servlet, which supports -->
<!-- execution of external applications that conform to the CGI spec -->
<!-- requirements. Typically, this servlet is mapped to the URL pattern -->
<!-- "/cgi-bin/*", which means that any CGI applications that are -->
<!-- executed must be present within the web application. This servlet -->
<!-- supports the following initialization parameters (default values -->
<!-- are in square brackets): -->
<!-- -->
<!-- cgiPathPrefix The CGI search path will start at -->
<!-- webAppRootDir + File.separator + this prefix. -->
<!-- [WEB-INF/cgi] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- debug Debugging detail level for messages logged -->
<!-- by this servlet. [0] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- executable Name of the exectuable used to run the -->
<!-- script. [perl] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- parameterEncoding Name of parameter encoding to be used with -->
<!-- CGI servlet. -->
<!-- [System.getProperty("file.encoding","UTF-8")] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- passShellEnvironment Should the shell environment variables (if -->
<!-- any) be passed to the CGI script? [false] -->
<!--
<servlet>
<servlet-name>cgi</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.CGIServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>cgiPathPrefix</param-name>
<param-value>WEB-INF/cgi</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>5</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
-->

<!-- ================ Built In Servlet Mappings ========================= -->

<!-- The servlet mappings for the built in servlets defined above. Note -->
<!-- that, by default, the CGI and SSI servlets are *not* mapped. You -->
<!-- must uncomment these mappings (or add them to your application's own -->
<!-- web.xml deployment descriptor) to enable these services -->
<!-- The mapping for the default servlet -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- The mapping for the invoker servlet -->
<!--
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
-->
<!-- The mapping for the JSP servlet -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.jspx</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- The mapping for the SSI servlet -->
<!--
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ssi</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
-->
<!-- The mapping for the CGI Gateway servlet -->
<!--
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>cgi</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/cgi-bin/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
-->

<!-- ================== Built In Filter Definitions ===================== -->
<!-- NOTE: An SSI Servlet is also available as an alternative SSI -->
<!-- implementation. Use either the Servlet or the Filter but NOT both. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- Server Side Includes processing filter, which processes SSI -->
<!-- directives in HTML pages consistent with similar support in web -->
<!-- servers like Apache. Traditionally, this filter is mapped to the -->
<!-- URL pattern "*.shtml", though it can be mapped to "*" as it will -->
<!-- selectively enable/disable SSI processing based on mime types. For -->
<!-- this to work you will need to uncomment the .shtml mime type -->
<!-- definition towards the bottom of this file. -->
<!-- The contentType init param allows you to apply SSI processing to JSP -->
<!-- pages, javascript, or any other content you wish. This filter -->
<!-- supports the following initialization parameters (default values are -->
<!-- in square brackets): -->
<!-- -->
<!-- contentType A regex pattern that must be matched before -->
<!-- SSI processing is applied. -->
<!-- [text/x-server-parsed-html(;.*)?] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- debug Debugging detail level for messages logged -->
<!-- by this servlet. [0] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- expires The number of seconds before a page with SSI -->
<!-- directives will expire. [No default] -->
<!-- -->
<!-- isVirtualWebappRelative -->
<!-- Should "virtual" paths be interpreted as -->
<!-- relative to the context root, instead of -->
<!-- the server root? (0=false, 1=true) [0] -->
<!--
<filter>
<filter-name>ssi</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.apache.catalina.ssi.SSIFilter
</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contentType</param-name>
<param-value>text/x-server-parsed-html(;.*)?</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>expires</param-name>
<param-value>666</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>isVirtualWebappRelative</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
-->

<!-- ==================== Built In Filter Mappings ====================== -->
<!-- The mapping for the SSI Filter -->
<!--
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>ssi</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
-->

<!-- ==================== Default Session Configuration ================= -->
<!-- You can set the default session timeout (in minutes) for all newly -->
<!-- created sessions by modifying the value below. -->
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>

<!-- ===================== Default MIME Type Mappings =================== -->
<!-- When serving static resources, Tomcat will automatically generate -->
<!-- a "Content-Type" header based on the resource's filename extension, -->
<!-- based on these mappings. Additional mappings can be added here (to -->
<!-- apply to all web applications), or in your own application's web.xml -->
<!-- deployment descriptor. -->
<mime-mapping>
<extension>abs</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ai</extension>
<mime-type>application/postscript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>aif</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-aiff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>aifc</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-aiff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>aiff</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-aiff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>aim</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-aim</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>art</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-jg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>asf</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-ms-asf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>asx</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-ms-asf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>au</extension>
<mime-type>audio/basic</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>avi</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-msvideo</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>avx</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-rad-screenplay</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>bcpio</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-bcpio</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>bin</extension>
<mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>bmp</extension>
<mime-type>image/bmp</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>body</extension>
<mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>cdf</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-cdf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>cer</extension>

<mime-type>application/x-x509-ca-cert</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>class</extension>
<mime-type>application/java</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>cpio</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-cpio</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>csh</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-csh</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>css</extension>
<mime-type>text/css</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>dib</extension>
<mime-type>image/bmp</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>doc</extension>
<mime-type>application/msword</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>dtd</extension>
<mime-type>application/xml-dtd</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>dv</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-dv</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>dvi</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-dvi</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>eps</extension>
<mime-type>application/postscript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>etx</extension>
<mime-type>text/x-setext</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>exe</extension>
<mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>gif</extension>
<mime-type>image/gif</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>gtar</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-gtar</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>gz</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-gzip</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>hdf</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-hdf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>hqx</extension>
<mime-type>application/mac-binhex40</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>htc</extension>
<mime-type>text/x-component</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>htm</extension>
<mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>html</extension>
<mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>hqx</extension>
<mime-type>application/mac-binhex40</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ief</extension>
<mime-type>image/ief</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jad</extension>
<mime-type>text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jar</extension>
<mime-type>application/java-archive</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>java</extension>
<mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jnlp</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-java-jnlp-file</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jpe</extension>
<mime-type>image/jpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jpeg</extension>
<mime-type>image/jpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jpg</extension>
<mime-type>image/jpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>js</extension>
<mime-type>text/javascript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jsf</extension>
<mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jspf</extension>
<mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>kar</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-midi</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>latex</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-latex</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>m3u</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpegurl</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mac</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-macpaint</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>man</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-troff-man</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mathml</extension>
<mime-type>application/mathml+xml</mime-type> 
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>me</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-troff-me</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mid</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-midi</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>midi</extension>

<mime-type>audio/x-midi</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mif</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-mif</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mov</extension>
<mime-type>video/quicktime</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>movie</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-sgi-movie</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mp1</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mp2</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mp3</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mp4</extension>
<mime-type>video/mp4</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpa</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpe</extension>
<mime-type>video/mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpeg</extension>
<mime-type>video/mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpega</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpg</extension>
<mime-type>video/mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpv2</extension>
<mime-type>video/mpeg2</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ms</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-wais-source</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>nc</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-netcdf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>oda</extension>
<mime-type>application/oda</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Database -->
<extension>odb</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.database</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Chart -->
<extension>odc</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Formula -->
<extension>odf</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Drawing -->
<extension>odg</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Image -->
<extension>odi</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Master Document -->
<extension>odm</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Presentation -->
<extension>odp</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Spreadsheet -->
<extension>ods</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Text -->
<extension>odt</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ogg</extension>
<mime-type>application/ogg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Drawing Template -->
<extension>otg </extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- HTML Document Template -->
<extension>oth</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Presentation Template -->
<extension>otp</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Spreadsheet Template -->
<extension>ots</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template </mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Text Template -->
<extension>ott</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pbm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-portable-bitmap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pct</extension>
<mime-type>image/pict</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pdf</extension>
<mime-type>application/pdf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pgm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-portable-graymap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pic</extension>
<mime-type>image/pict</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pict</extension>
<mime-type>image/pict</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pls</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-scpls</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>png</extension>
<mime-type>image/png</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pnm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-portable-anymap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pnt</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-macpaint</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ppm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-portable-pixmap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ppt</extension>
<mime-type>application/powerpoint</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ps</extension>
<mime-type>application/postscript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>psd</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-photoshop</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>qt</extension>
<mime-type>video/quicktime</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>qti</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-quicktime</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>qtif</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-quicktime</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ras</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-cmu-raster</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>rdf</extension>
<mime-type>application/rdf+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>rgb</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-rgb</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>rm</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.rn-realmedia</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>roff</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-troff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>rtf</extension>
<mime-type>application/rtf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>rtx</extension>
<mime-type>text/richtext</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>sh</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-sh</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>shar</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-shar</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<!--
<mime-mapping>
<extension>shtml</extension>
<mime-type>text/x-server-parsed-html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
-->
<mime-mapping>
<extension>smf</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-midi</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>sit</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-stuffit</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>snd</extension>
<mime-type>audio/basic</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>src</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-wais-source</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>sv4cpio</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-sv4cpio</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>sv4crc</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-sv4crc</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>swf</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-shockwave-flash</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>t</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-troff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tar</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-tar</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tcl</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-tcl</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tex</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-tex</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>texi</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-texinfo</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>texinfo</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-texinfo</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tif</extension>
<mime-type>image/tiff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tiff</extension>
<mime-type>image/tiff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tr</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-troff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tsv</extension>
<mime-type>text/tab-separated-values</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>txt</extension>
<mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ulw</extension>
<mime-type>audio/basic</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ustar</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-ustar</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>vxml</extension>
<mime-type>application/voicexml+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xbm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-xbitmap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xht</extension>
<mime-type>application/xhtml+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xhtml</extension>
<mime-type>application/xhtml+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xml</extension>
<mime-type>application/xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xpm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-xpixmap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xsl</extension>
<mime-type>application/xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xslt</extension>
<mime-type>application/xslt+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xul</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xwd</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-xwindowdump</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>wav</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-wav</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>svg</extension>
<mime-type>image/svg+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>svgz</extension>
<mime-type>image/svg+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>vsd</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-visio</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- Wireless Bitmap -->
<extension>wbmp</extension>
<mime-type>image/vnd.wap.wbmp</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- WML Source -->
<extension>wml</extension>
<mime-type>text/vnd.wap.wml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- Compiled WML -->
<extension>wmlc</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.wap.wmlc</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- WML Script Source -->
<extension>wmls</extension>
<mime-type>text/vnd.wap.wmlscript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- Compiled WML Script -->
<extension>wmlscriptc</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>wmv</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-ms-wmv</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>wrl</extension>
<mime-type>x-world/x-vrml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>wspolicy</extension>
<mime-type>application/wspolicy+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>Z</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-compress</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>z</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-compress</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>zip</extension>
<mime-type>application/zip</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xls</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>doc</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.ms-word</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ppt</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<!-- ==================== Default Welcome File List ===================== -->
<!-- When a request URI refers to a directory, the default servlet looks -->
<!-- for a "welcome file" within that directory and, if present, -->
<!-- to the corresponding resource URI for display. If no welcome file -->
<!-- is present, the default servlet either serves a directory listing, -->
<!-- or returns a 404 status, depending on how it is configured. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- If you define welcome files in your own application's web.xml -->
<!-- deployment descriptor, that list *replaces* the list configured -->
<!-- here, so be sure that you include any of the default values that -->
<!-- you wish to include. -->
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

　　　　     3>catalina.bat(tomcat/bin)这个文件只是添加了一个对tomcat内存优化配置的更改（前两行）

set CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms256m -Xmx256m 
set JAVA_OPTS=-Xms256m -Xmx256m
@echo off
rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
rem
rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
rem
rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
rem limitations under the License.

if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocal
rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
rem
rem Environment Variable Prequisites
rem
rem   CATALINA_HOME   May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
rem
rem   CATALINA_BASE   (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
rem                   of a Catalina installation.  If not present, resolves to
rem                   the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
rem
rem   CATALINA_OPTS   (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
rem                   or "run" command is executed.
rem
rem   CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
rem                   the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir).  Defaults to
rem                   %CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
rem
rem   JAVA_HOME       Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
rem                   Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
rem
rem   JRE_HOME        Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
rem                   Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty.
rem
rem   JAVA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
rem                   "stop", or "run" command is executed.
rem
rem   JSSE_HOME       (Optional) May point at your Java Secure Sockets Extension
rem                   (JSSE) installation, whose JAR files will be added to the
rem                   system class path used to start Tomcat.
rem
rem   JPDA_TRANSPORT  (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
rem                   command is executed. The default is "dt_shmem".
rem
rem   JPDA_ADDRESS    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem                   command is executed. The default is "jdbconn".
rem
rem   JPDA_SUSPEND    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem                   command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
rem                   execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
rem
rem   JPDA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem                   command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
rem                   and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
rem                   options MUST be specified. The default is:
rem
rem                   -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
rem                       address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
rem
rem $Id: catalina.bat 656834 2008-05-15 21:04:04Z markt $
rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
set CURRENT_DIR=%cd%
if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
set CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
cd ..
set CATALINA_HOME=%cd%
cd %CURRENT_DIR%
:gotHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto end
:okHome

rem Get standard environment variables
if "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
goto gotSetenvBase
:gotSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
:gotSetenvBase

rem Get standard Java environment variables
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath
echo Cannot find %CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat
echo This file is needed to run this program
goto end
:okSetclasspath
set BASEDIR=%CATALINA_HOME%
call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1
if errorlevel 1 goto end

rem Add on extra jar files to CLASSPATH
if "%JSSE_HOME%" == "" goto noJsse
set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%JSSE_HOME%\lib\jcert.jar;%JSSE_HOME%\lib\jnet.jar;%JSSE_HOME%\lib\jsse.jar
:noJsse
set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar

if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase
set CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%
:gotBase

if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir
set CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp
:gotTmpdir

if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuli
set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
:noJuli

rem ----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------

echo Using CATALINA_BASE:   %CATALINA_BASE%
echo Using CATALINA_HOME:   %CATALINA_HOME%
echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: %CATALINA_TMPDIR%
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
echo Using JRE_HOME:        %JRE_HOME%
goto java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo Using JAVA_HOME:       %JAVA_HOME%
:java_dir_displayed

set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
set ACTION=start
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set DEBUG_OPTS=
set JPDA=

if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
set JPDA=jpda
if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_shmem
:gotJpdaTransport
if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
set JPDA_ADDRESS=jdbconn
:gotJpdaAddress
if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
:gotJpdaSuspend
if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda

if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion

echo Usage:  catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo   debug             Start Catalina in a debugger
echo   debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo   jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo   run               Start Catalina in the current window
echo   run -security     Start in the current window with security manager
echo   start             Start Catalina in a separate window
echo   start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager
echo   stop              Stop Catalina
echo   version           What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end

:doDebug
shift
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy
goto execCmd

:doRun
shift
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy
goto execCmd

:doStart
shift
if not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitle
set _EXECJAVA=start "Tomcat" %_RUNJAVA%
goto gotTitle
:noTitle
set _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA%
:gotTitle
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy
goto execCmd

:doStop
shift
set ACTION=stop
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd

:doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
goto end


:execCmd
rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
:doneSetArgs

rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end

:end

                以上最后的两个文件及前面有些配置使用该优化tomcat和jdk的，配置完成后的各个配置文件，具体操作步骤如下：

　　(1)负载均衡　

　　　　找到Apache安装目录下conf目录中的httpd.conf文件。
　　　　在文件最后添加一句：include "D:\webserver\Apache Group\Apache2\conf\mod_jk.conf"(具体路径是你放置的位置而定)
　　　　接着在conf目录中新建文件mod_jk.conf并添加下面的内容：
　　　　　　#加载mod_jk Module
　　　　　　LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk-apache-2.0.59.so
　　　　　　#指定 workers.properties文件路径
　　　　　　JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
　　　　　　#指定哪些请求交给tomcat处理,"controller"为在workers.propertise里指定的负载分配控制器名
　　　　　　JkMount /*.jsp controller　　

　　　　在conf目录下新建workers.properties文件并添加如下内容：
　　　　#server
　　　　worker.list = controller
　　　　#========tomcat1========
　　　　worker.tomcat1.port=11009
　　　　worker.tomcat1.host=localhost
　　　　worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13
　　　　worker.tomcat1.lbfactor = 1
　　　　#========tomcat2========
　　　　worker.tomcat2.port=12009
　　　　worker.tomcat2.host=localhost
　　　　worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13
　　　　worker.tomcat2.lbfactor = 1
　　　　#（解释一下AJP13是 Apache JServ Protocol version 1.3）
　　　　#========controller,负载均衡控制器========
　　　　worker.controller.type=lb
　　　　worker.controller.balanced_workers=tomcat1,tomcat2
　　　　worker.controller.sticky_session=1

　　　　将mod_jk-apache-2.0.59.so 复制到Apache的modules目录中。

　　　　接下来配置2个Tomcat
　　　　打开tomcat1\conf\ server.xml
　　　　将Server port 改为11005：<Server port="11005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
　　　　将Define Connector port改为11080：<Connector port="11080" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
　　　　将AJP13 Connector port改为11009：<Connector port="11009" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" protocol="AJP/1.3" />

　　　　打开tomcat2\conf\server.xml
　　　　将Server port 改为12005：<Server port="12005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
　　　　将Define Connector port改为12080：<Connector port="12080" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
　　　　将AJP13 Connector port改为12009：<Connector port="12009" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" protocol="AJP/1.3" />

　　　　好了，现在建立一个测试程序
　　　　分别在两个Tomcat的webapps中建立test目录，并新建test.jsp文件，内容如下：
　　　　<%
　　　　　　System.out.println("test");
　　　　%>

　　　　启动apache, tomcat1, tomcat2
　　　　访问http://localhost:8080/test/test.jsp （或者 http://localhost/test/test.jsp）不断刷新页面，看不到交替输出"test"，你需要换两台机器或者开两个浏览器（即两个会话）这样可以在两个Tomcat的控制台中看到，交替输出"test", 这样就实现了负载均衡，由于没有开启session共享所以一次会话集中到了一个toamcat上多个会话会分配道不同的tomact中。

　　　(2)集群配置

　　　　集群除了负载均衡，另一个主要功能是Session Replication。
　　　　打开tomcat1\conf\ server.xml将<Cluster>部分的注释去掉。
　　　　再打开tomcat2\conf\ server.xml将<Cluster>部分的注释也去掉，并将<Cluster>中<Receiver>的tcpListenPort的值改为4002。以避免与Tomcat1冲突。

　　　　分别在2个tomcat的webapps\test中新建WEB-INF目录，在WEB-INF中添加web.xml内容如下：
　　　　　　<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4">
　　　　　　　　<display-name>TomcatDemo</display-name>
　　　　　　　　<distributable/>
　　　　　　</web-app>
　　　　主要是添加<distributable/>，distributable元素用来告诉servlet容器，程序将部署在分布式Web容器中。
　　　　重新启动tomcat1和tomcat2. 访问http://localhost:8080/test/test2.jsp （或http://localhost/test/test2.jsp）
　　　　随意添加key-value, 可以看到两个tomcat交替显示session中的值，各个tomcat的session是同步的。

　　　　再来修改tomcat1\conf\server.xml，找到<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">为其添加jvmRoute属性，值为apache的conf\workers.properties中配置的tomcat名字。<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">
　　　　同样修改tomcat2\conf\server.xml的相同部分<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat2">jvmRoute是tomcat路由标示，由此区分两台tomcat主机。一次会话，就有一个sessionID，这个sessionID后面会跟上jvmRoute设置的值，这样一次会话，就只会让一个tomcat处理。
　　　　重新启动tomcat1, tomcat2
　　　　访问http://localhost:8080/test/test2.jsp 可以看到session.getId()的值在原session id后面多了jvmRoute的值。ID 46A5843FF4A1E0A84338225AC02F6430.tomcat1
　　　　随意添加key-value，可以看到session信息只在tomcat1中输出。
　　　　再打开一个浏览器，并访问http://localhost:8080/test/test2.jsp 其session id可能变为ID 11478E5BE5FE388E4845205B4133A30F.tomcat2
　　　　其值也只会在tomcat2中输出。
　　　　现在把tomcat1关闭，再次刷新访问tomcat1的那个浏览器，可以看到session信息输出到了tomcat2的控制台中，并且session信息仍然保留着。

　　2.　Apache 2.2以后集成了mod_jk功能，相对于1.3版本，不需要再进行繁琐的worker.properties配置，配置过程大幅简化。

　　     (1)apache的配置

            a. 首先，在Apache安装目录下找到conf/httpd.conf文件，以文本编辑器打开。去掉以下文本前的注释符(#)以便让Apache在启动时自动加载代理(proxy)模块。

LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so 
LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so 
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so 
LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so 
LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so 
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so

          b. 向下拉动文档找到节点，在DirectoryIndex index.html后加上index.jsp，这一步只是为了待会配置完tomcat后能看到小猫首页，可以不做。
　       c. 继续下拉文档找到"Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf"，去掉前面的注释符。
　     　   然后找到conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf文件，用文本编辑器打开conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf，配置虚拟站点，在最下面加上

<VirtualHost *:80> 
　　ServerAdmin 管理员邮箱 
　　ServerName localhost（没有可用IP地址代替） 
　　ServerAlias localhost 
　　ProxyPass / balancer://cluster/ stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On 
　　ProxyPassReverse / balancer://cluster/ 
　　ErrorLog "logs/lbtest-error.log" 
　　CustomLog "logs/lbtest-access.log" common 
</VirtualHost>

　　   d. 这里balancer://是告诉Apache需要进行负载均衡的代理，后面的cluster是集群名，可以随意取，两个日志引擎ErrorLog负责记录错误，CustomLog负责记录所有的http访问以及返回状态，日志名可以自己取，笔者取为lbtest。httpd-vhosts.conf配置完毕，回到httpd.conf，在文档最下面加上    

ProxyRequests Off 
<proxy balancer://cluster> 
 BalancerMember ajp://127.0.0.1:8009 loadfactor=1 route=jvm1 
 BalancerMember ajp://127.0.0.1:9009 loadfactor=1 route=jvm2 
</proxy> 

　　   ProxyRequests Off 是告诉Apache需要使用反向代理(利用Apache进行负载均衡必须使用反向代理，用于配置工作在tomcat集群中的所有节点，这里的"cluster"必须与上面的集群名保持一致。
　　   Apache通过ajp协议与tomcat进行通信，ip地址和端口唯一确定了tomcat节点和配置的ajp接受端口。loadfactor是负载因子，Apache会按负载因子的比例向后端tomcat节点转发请求，负载因子越大，对应的tomcat服务器就会处理越多的请求，如两个tomcat都是1，Apache就按1：1的比例转发，如果是2和1就按2：1的比例转发。route参数对应后续tomcat配置中的引擎路径(jvmRoute)。
　　   重启Apache服务，如果此时访问http://localhost/将会返回503错误，打开刚才配置的错误日志logs/lbtest-error.log，可以看到错误原因是因为后台服务器没有响应，因为此时tomcat尚未配置和启动。

　　 (2)tomcat配置

           如果仅仅为了配置一个可用的集群，Tomcat的配置将会非常简单。分别打开t1和t2的server.xml配置文件，对于t1，尽量采用默认的设置，而对t2作较大改动以避免与t1冲突。如果t2和t1不在同一台服务器上运行，对于端口就不需做改动。
　　    a. 首先是配置关闭端口，找到，t1不变，把t2改为9005。
　　    b. 下面配置Connector的端口，找到non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector，即tomcat单独工作时的默认Connector，保留t1默认配置，在8080端口侦听，而把t2设置为在9080端口侦听。
　　    c. 往下找到AJP 1.3 Connector，<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />，这是tomcat接收从Apache过来的ajp连接请求时使用的端口，保留t1默认设置，把t2端口改为9009。注意，这里的端口对应Apache httpd.conf中BalancerMember中配置的ajp连接端口。
　　    d. 继续向下配置引擎，找到<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">，去掉这段或改为注释，把上方紧挨的<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">注释符去掉，对于t2，去掉注释符并把jvm1改为jvm2。这里的jvmRoute对应Apache httpd.conf中BalancerMember中配置的route参数。
　　    e. 向下找到<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>，打开注释，这里的配置是为了可以在集群中的所有tomcat节点间共享会话（Session）。如果仅仅为了获得一个可用的tomcat集群，Cluster只需要这么配置就可以了，对于更多的Cluster配置笔者将另文解释。
　　     server.xml的配置修改完毕，下一步需要对具体的应用进行配置。在webapps目录下新建test目录，在test目录下新建test.jsp文件，代码如下：

?<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GBK" %>  
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>  
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Cluster App Test</title>
    </head>  
<body>
  Server Info:   
    <%  out.println(request.getLocalAddr() + " : " + request.getLocalPort()+"<br>");%>  
    <%  out.println("<br> ID " + session.getId()+"<br>");      
        String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName");     
        if (dataName != null && dataName.length() > 0) {        
            String dataValue = request.getParameter("dataValue");        
            session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue);     
        }           
        out.print("<b>Session 列表</b>");           
        Enumeration e = session.getAttributeNames();     
        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {        
            String name = (String)e.nextElement();       
            String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString();        
            out.println( name + " = " + value+"<br>");            
            System.out.println( name + " = " + value);      
        }   
    %>    
    <form action="test.jsp" method="POST">      
        名称:<input type=text size=20 name="dataName"><br/>      
        值:<input type=text size=20 name="dataValue"><br/>      
        <input type=submit/>    
    </form>  
</body>  
</html> 

         f. 在test目录下继续新建WEB-INF目录和web.xml，在<web-app>节点下加入<distributable />，这一步非常重要，是为了通知tomcat服务器，当前应用需要在集群中的所有节点间实现Session共享。如果tomcat中的所有应用都需要Session共享，也可以把conf/context.xml中的<Context>改为<Context distributable="true">，这样就不需对所有应用的web.xml再进行单独配置（修改需要Session复制的应用中WEB-INF/web.xml文件，在文件中的<web-app>标签中增加：<distributable/>在应用的web.xml中增加上述配置后，就表示该应用需要进行Session复制）。 

    　　启动t1，待t1启动完成后再启动t2。再次访问http://localhost，可以看到小猫页面。访问http://localhost/test/test.jsp。可以看到包括服务器地址，端口，sessionid等信息在内的页面。

   　　 注意这里的sessionid，与平常的sessionid相比多了小数点和后面的部分，这里的jvm1即处理当前请求tomcat服务器的jvmRoute，通过这里可以知道是集群中的哪一个服务器处理了当前请求。在文本框中输入名称和值，点击按钮，信息就保存到了Session中，并且显示到页面上。不断点击按钮，可以发现输入的信息并未丢失，而且sessionid小数点之前的部分保持不变，而小数点后面的字符不停的变化，表明是由不同的tomcat服务器处理了这些请求。这样就实现了负载均衡，并且集群中的不同节点间可以实现会话的共享。此时如果停止一个tomcat服务器t2，Apache将会自动把后续请求转发到集群中的其他服务器即t1。重启t2后，Apache会自动侦测到t2的状态为可用，然后会继续在t1和t2间进行负载均衡。

    　　如果需要向集群中增加节点，首先需要对tomcat作类似配置，然后修改Apache httpd.conf，增加BalancerMember，指向新增的tomcat即可。