Ubuntu操作系统对Docker的支持十分成熟，可以支持包括x86_64、armhf等系统架构，只要是64位即可。
Docker目前支持最低Ubuntu版本为14.04LTS，但实际上从稳定性上考虑，推荐使用16.04LTS 或18.04LTS版本，并且系统内核越新越好，以支持Docker最新的特性。
一、查看系统内核版本信息
# 第一种方式
root@alvin-test-os:~# uname -a
Linux alvin-test-os 4.15.0-117-generic #118-Ubuntu SMP Fri Sep 4 20:02:41 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
# 第二种方式
root@alvin-test-os:~# cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.15.0-117-generic (buildd@lcy01-amd64-008) (gcc version 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)) #118-Ubuntu SMP Fri Sep 4 20:02:41 UTC 2020
二、更新系统
root@alvin-test-os:~# apt-get update
Get:1 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease [88.7 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [88.7 kB]
... 此处略去许多行
三、安装基础软件
root@alvin-test-os:~# apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
curl is already the newest version (7.58.0-2ubuntu3.10).
The following additional packages will be installed:
python3-software-properties unattended-upgrades
Suggested packages:
。。。此处略去很多行
四、安装GPG证书
root@alvin-test-os:~# curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
OK
五、写入软件源信息
root@alvin-test-os:~# sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
Hit:1 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:2 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease
Hit:3 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
Get:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic InRelease [64.4 kB]
Get:5 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages [13.0 kB]
Fetched 77.4 kB in 0s (307 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
六、更新并安装Docker-CE
root@alvin-test-os:~# sudo apt-get -y update
Hit:1 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:2 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease
Hit:3 http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
Hit:4 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
root@alvin-test-os:~# sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce-cli git git-man libcurl3-gnutls liberror-perl pigz
Suggested packages:
git-daemon-run | git-daemon-sysvinit git-doc git-el git-email git-gui gitk gitweb git-cvs git-mediawiki git-svn
The following NEW packages will be installed:
aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli git git-man libcurl3-gnutls liberror-perl pigz
0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 86 not upgraded.
七、启动并检验
root@alvin-test-os:~# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.13
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 4484c46d9d
Built: Wed Sep 16 17:02:36 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 19.03.13
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.15
Git commit: 4484c46d9d
Built: Wed Sep 16 17:01:06 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.3.7
GitCommit: 8fba4e9a7d01810a393d5d25a3621dc101981175
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc10
GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
docker-init:
Version: 0.18.0
八、 第一个Docker实例
root@alvin-test-os:~# docker run -d --rm --name nginx -p 80:80 nginx
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
bb79b6b2107f: Pull complete
5a9f1c0027a7: Downloading [==============> ] 7.457MB/26.49MB
5a9f1c0027a7: Downloading [======================> ] 12.17MB/26.49MB
166a2418f7e8: Download complete
1966ea362d23: Download complete