【LeetCode】169. Majority Element

题目:

Given an array of size n, find the majority element. The majority element is the element that appears more than ⌊ n/2 ⌋ times.

You may assume that the array is non-empty and the majority element always exist in the array.

提示:

此题此题推荐三种比较好的方法:

  • 排序法(最简单):将数组排序,然后输出中位数;
  • 随机方法:因为有大于50%的概率会一下子就随机抽中出现频率最大的数字,因此性能也算不错。具体方法就是在while循环中随机抽取一个数字,计算这个数字在数组中出现的次数,如果大于n/2次,那么就输出,不然的话就继续随机抽取下一个数字;
  • Moore Voting方法(最稳定,效率也很好):这个算法的时间复杂度是O(n),空间复杂度是O(1),我觉得是解决此题的最佳方法。

代码:

排序法:

class Solution {
public:
    int majorityElement(vector<int>& nums) {
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        return nums[nums.size() / 2];
    }
};

随机方法:

class Solution {
public:
    int majorityElement(vector<int>& nums) {
        int n = nums.size();
        srand(unsigned(time(NULL)));
        while (true) {
            int idx = rand() % n;
            int candidate = nums[idx];
            int counts = 0; 
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                if (nums[i] == candidate)
                    counts++; 
            if (counts > n / 2) return candidate;
        }
    }
};

Moore Voting方法:

class Solution {
public:
    int majorityElement(vector<int>& nums) {
        int major, counts = 0, n = nums.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (!counts) {
                major = nums[i];
                counts = 1;
            }
            else counts += (nums[i] == major) ? 1 : -1;
        }
        return major;
    }
};
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jdneo/p/4753060.html