Spring Boot 集成 Ehcache 缓存,三步搞定!

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作者:谭朝红

www.ramostear.com/articles/spring_boot_ehcache.html

本次内容主要介绍基于Ehcache 3.0来快速实现Spring Boot应用程序的数据缓存功能。在Spring Boot应用程序中,我们可以通过Spring Caching来快速搞定数据缓存。

接下来我们将介绍如何在三步之内搞定 Spring Boot 缓存。

1. 创建一个Spring Boot工程

你所创建的Spring Boot应用程序的maven依赖文件至少应该是下面的样子:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>	
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"	
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">	
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>	
    <parent>	
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>	
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>	
        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>	
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->	
    </parent>	
    <groupId>com.ramostear</groupId>	
    <artifactId>cache</artifactId>	
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>	
    <name>cache</name>	
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>	
    <properties>	
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>	
    </properties>	
    <dependencies>	
        <dependency>	
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>	
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>	
        </dependency>	
        <dependency>	
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>	
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>	
        </dependency>	
        <dependency>	
            <groupId>org.ehcache</groupId>	
            <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>	
        </dependency>	
        <dependency>	
            <groupId>javax.cache</groupId>	
            <artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>	
        </dependency>	
        <dependency>	
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>	
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>	
            <scope>test</scope>	
        </dependency>	
        <dependency>	
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>	
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>	
        </dependency>	
    </dependencies>	
    <build>	
        <plugins>	
            <plugin>	
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>	
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>	
            </plugin>	
        </plugins>	
    </build>	
</project>

依赖说明:

  • spring-boot-starter-cache为Spring Boot应用程序提供缓存支持

  • ehcache提供了Ehcache的缓存实现

  • cache-api 提供了基于JSR-107的缓存规范

2. 配置Ehcache缓存

现在,需要告诉Spring Boot去哪里找缓存配置文件,这需要在Spring Boot配置文件中进行设置:

spring.cache.jcache.config=classpath:ehcache.xml

然后使用@EnableCaching注解开启Spring Boot应用程序缓存功能,你可以在应用主类中进行操作:

package com.ramostear.cache;	
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;	
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;	
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;	
@SpringBootApplication	
@EnableCaching	
public class CacheApplication {	
    public static void main(String[] args) {	
        SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class, args);	
    }	
}

接下来,需要创建一个 ehcache 的配置文件,该文件放置在类路径下,如resources目录下:

<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"	
        xmlns="http://www.ehcache.org/v3"	
        xmlns:jsr107="http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107"	
        xsi:schemaLocation="	
            http://www.ehcache.org/v3 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-core-3.0.xsd	
            http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-107-ext-3.0.xsd">	
    <service>	
        <jsr107:defaults enable-statistics="true"/>	
    </service>	
    <cache alias="person">	
        <key-type>java.lang.Long</key-type>	
        <value-type>com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person</value-type>	
        <expiry>	
            <ttl unit="minutes">1</ttl>	
        </expiry>	
        <listeners>	
            <listener>	
                <class>com.ramostear.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger</class>	
                <event-firing-mode>ASYNCHRONOUS</event-firing-mode>	
                <event-ordering-mode>UNORDERED</event-ordering-mode>	
                <events-to-fire-on>CREATED</events-to-fire-on>	
                <events-to-fire-on>UPDATED</events-to-fire-on>	
                <events-to-fire-on>EXPIRED</events-to-fire-on>	
                <events-to-fire-on>REMOVED</events-to-fire-on>	
                <events-to-fire-on>EVICTED</events-to-fire-on>	
            </listener>	
        </listeners>	
        <resources>	
                <heap unit="entries">2000</heap>	
                <offheap unit="MB">100</offheap>	
        </resources>	
    </cache>	
</config>

最后,还需要定义个缓存事件监听器,用于记录系统操作缓存数据的情况,最快的方法是实现CacheEventListener接口:

package com.ramostear.cache.config;	
import org.ehcache.event.CacheEvent;	
import org.ehcache.event.CacheEventListener;	
import org.slf4j.Logger;	
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;	
/**	
 * @author ramostear	
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:48	
 * @modify by :	
 * @since:	
 */	
public class PersonCacheEventLogger implements CacheEventListener<Object,Object>{	
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonCacheEventLogger.class);	
    @Override	
    public void onEvent(CacheEvent cacheEvent) {	
        logger.info("person caching event {} {} {} {}",	
                cacheEvent.getType(),	
                cacheEvent.getKey(),	
                cacheEvent.getOldValue(),	
                cacheEvent.getNewValue());	
    }	
}

3. 使用@Cacheable注解

要让Spring Boot能够缓存我们的数据,还需要使用@Cacheable注解对业务方法进行注释,告诉Spring Boot该方法中产生的数据需要加入到缓存中:

package com.ramostear.cache.service;	
import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;	
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;	
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;	
/**	
 * @author ramostear	
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:51	
 * @modify by :	
 * @since:	
 */	
@Service(value = "personService")	
public class PersonService {	
    @Cacheable(cacheNames = "person",key = "#id")	
    public Person getPerson(Long id){	
        Person person = new Person(id,"ramostear","ramostear@163.com");	
        return person;	
    }	
}

通过以上三个步骤,我们就完成了Spring Boot的缓存功能。接下来,我们将测试一下缓存的实际情况。

4. 缓存测试

为了测试我们的应用程序,创建一个简单的Restful端点,它将调用PersonService返回一个Person对象:

package com.ramostear.cache.controller;	
import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;	
import com.ramostear.cache.service.PersonService;	
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;	
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;	
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;	
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;	
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;	
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;	
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;	
/**	
 * @author ramostear	
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:54	
 * @modify by :	
 * @since:	
 */	
@RestController	
@RequestMapping("/persons")	
public class PersonController {	
    @Autowired	
    private PersonService personService;	
    @GetMapping("/{id}")	
    public ResponseEntity<Person> person(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id){	
        return new ResponseEntity<>(personService.getPerson(id), HttpStatus.OK);	
    }	
}

Person是一个简单的POJO类:

package com.ramostear.cache.entity;	
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;	
import lombok.Getter;	
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;	
import lombok.Setter;	
import java.io.Serializable;	
/**	
 * @author ramostear	
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:45	
 * @modify by :	
 * @since:	
 */	
@Getter	
@Setter	
@AllArgsConstructor	
@NoArgsConstructor	
public class Person implements Serializable{	
    private Long id;	
    private String username;	
    private String email;	
}

以上准备工作都完成后,让我们编译并运行应用程序。项目成功启动后,使用浏览器打开:http://localhost:8080/persons/1 ,你将在浏览器页面中看到如下的信息:

{"id":1,"username":"ramostear","email":"ramostear@163.com"}

此时在观察控制台输出的日志信息:

2019-04-07 01:08:01.001  INFO 6704 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 5 ms	
2019-04-07 01:08:01.054  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-0] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@ba8a729

由于我们是第一次请求API,没有任何缓存数据。因此,Ehcache创建了一条缓存数据,可以通过CREATED看一了解到。

我们在ehcache.xml文件中将缓存过期时间设置成了1分钟(1),因此在一分钟之内我们刷新浏览器,不会看到有新的日志输出,一分钟之后,缓存过期,我们再次刷新浏览器,将看到如下的日志输出:

2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event EXPIRED 1 com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@a9f3c57 null	
2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@416900ce

第一条日志提示缓存已经过期,第二条日志提示Ehcache重新创建了一条缓存数据。

结束语

在本次案例中,通过简单的三个步骤,讲解了基于 Ehcache 的 Spring Boot 应用程序缓存实现。

文章内容重在缓存实现的基本步骤与方法,简化了具体的业务代码,有兴趣的朋友可以自行扩展,期间遇到问题也可以随时与我联系。

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原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/java-stack/p/11952114.html