Linux-2.6_LCD驱动学习

 内核自带的驱动LCD,drivers/video/Fbmem.c


LCD驱动程序

假设
app: open("/dev/fb0", ...) 主设备号: 29, 次设备号: 0
--------------------------------------------------------------
kernel:
  fb_open
    int fbidx = iminor(inode);
    struct fb_info *info = = registered_fb[0];

以次设备号为下标。

app: read()
---------------------------------------------------------------
kernel:
  fb_read
    int fbidx = iminor(inode);
    struct fb_info *info = registered_fb[fbidx];
    if (info->fbops->fb_read)
      return info->fbops->fb_read(info, buf, count, ppos);

    src = (u32 __iomem *) (info->screen_base + p);
    dst = buffer;
    *dst++ = fb_readl(src++);
    copy_to_user(buf, buffer, c)

1. registered_fb在哪里被设置?
答. register_framebuffer

怎么写LCD驱动程序?
1. 分配一个fb_info结构体: framebuffer_alloc
2. 设置
3. 注册: register_framebuffer
4. 硬件相关的操作

fbmem.c都是抽象出来的,最终都得依赖于底层的驱动。

VCLK 看手册,给合适的频率

VLINE--HYSNC  行同步信号

VFRAM--VSYNC   帧同步信号

VDEN(video date  enable) 颜色

硬件操作:根据LCD手册,设置LCD控制器;

     分配显存,并把地址告诉LCD控制器

     配置引脚用于LCD

 初始化: 

    /* 1. 分配一个fb_info */

    /* 2. 设置 */

    /* 2.1 设置固定的参数 */
    /* 2.2 设置可变的参数 */
    /* 2.3 设置操作函数 */
    /* 2.4 其他的设置 */

    /* 3. 硬件相关的操作 */
    /* 3.1 配置GPIO用于LCD */
    /* 3.2 根据LCD手册设置LCD控制器, 比如VCLK的频率等 */
    /* 3.3 分配显存(framebuffer), 并把地址告诉LCD控制器 */

    /* 4. 注册 */

我们看到的图像是从左到右,从上到下

测试:配置内核
1. make menuconfig去掉原来的驱动程序
-> Device Drivers
-> Graphics support
<M> S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support

2. make uImage
make modules

3. 使用新的uImage启动开发板:

具体驱动程序代码:

  1 #include <linux/module.h>
  2 #include <linux/kernel.h>
  3 #include <linux/errno.h>
  4 #include <linux/string.h>
  5 #include <linux/mm.h>
  6 #include <linux/slab.h>
  7 #include <linux/delay.h>
  8 #include <linux/fb.h>
  9 #include <linux/init.h>
 10 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
 11 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
 12 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
 13 #include <linux/wait.h>
 14 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
 15 #include <linux/clk.h>
 16 
 17 #include <asm/io.h>
 18 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 19 #include <asm/div64.h>
 20 
 21 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
 22 #include <asm/arch/regs-lcd.h>
 23 #include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
 24 #include <asm/arch/fb.h>
 25 
 26 static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red,
 27                  unsigned int green, unsigned int blue,
 28                  unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info);
 29 
 30 
 31 struct lcd_regs {
 32     unsigned long    lcdcon1;
 33     unsigned long    lcdcon2;
 34     unsigned long    lcdcon3;
 35     unsigned long    lcdcon4;
 36     unsigned long    lcdcon5;
 37     unsigned long    lcdsaddr1;
 38     unsigned long    lcdsaddr2;
 39     unsigned long    lcdsaddr3;
 40     unsigned long    redlut;
 41     unsigned long    greenlut;
 42     unsigned long    bluelut;
 43     unsigned long    reserved[9];
 44     unsigned long    dithmode;
 45     unsigned long    tpal;
 46     unsigned long    lcdintpnd;
 47     unsigned long    lcdsrcpnd;
 48     unsigned long    lcdintmsk;
 49     unsigned long    lpcsel;
 50 };
 51 
 52 static struct fb_ops s3c_lcdfb_ops = {
 53     .owner        = THIS_MODULE,
 54     .fb_setcolreg    = s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg,
 55     .fb_fillrect    = cfb_fillrect,
 56     .fb_copyarea    = cfb_copyarea,
 57     .fb_imageblit    = cfb_imageblit,
 58 };
 59 
 60 
 61 static struct fb_info *s3c_lcd;
 62 static volatile unsigned long *gpbcon;
 63 static volatile unsigned long *gpbdat;
 64 static volatile unsigned long *gpccon;
 65 static volatile unsigned long *gpdcon;
 66 static volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
 67 static volatile struct lcd_regs* lcd_regs;
 68 static u32 pseudo_palette[16];
 69 
 70 
 71 /* from pxafb.c */
 72 static inline unsigned int chan_to_field(unsigned int chan, struct fb_bitfield *bf)
 73 {
 74     chan &= 0xffff;
 75     chan >>= 16 - bf->length;
 76     return chan << bf->offset;
 77 }
 78 
 79 
 80 static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red,
 81                  unsigned int green, unsigned int blue,
 82                  unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info)
 83 {
 84     unsigned int val;
 85     
 86     if (regno > 16)
 87         return 1;
 88 
 89     /* 用red,green,blue三原色构造出val */
 90     val  = chan_to_field(red,    &info->var.red);
 91     val |= chan_to_field(green, &info->var.green);
 92     val |= chan_to_field(blue,    &info->var.blue);
 93     
 94     //((u32 *)(info->pseudo_palette))[regno] = val;
 95     pseudo_palette[regno] = val;
 96     return 0;
 97 }
 98 
 99 static int lcd_init(void)
100 {
101     /* 1. 分配一个fb_info */
102     s3c_lcd = framebuffer_alloc(0, NULL);
103 
104     /* 2. 设置 */
105     /* 2.1 设置固定的参数 */
106     strcpy(s3c_lcd->fix.id, "mylcd");
107     s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len = 240*320*16/8;
108     s3c_lcd->fix.type     = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS;
109     s3c_lcd->fix.visual   = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR; /* TFT */
110     s3c_lcd->fix.line_length = 240*2;
111     
112     /* 2.2 设置可变的参数 */
113     s3c_lcd->var.xres           = 240;
114     s3c_lcd->var.yres           = 320;
115     s3c_lcd->var.xres_virtual   = 240;
116     s3c_lcd->var.yres_virtual   = 320;
117     s3c_lcd->var.bits_per_pixel = 16;
118 
119     /* RGB:565 */
120     s3c_lcd->var.red.offset     = 11;
121     s3c_lcd->var.red.length     = 5;
122     
123     s3c_lcd->var.green.offset   = 5;
124     s3c_lcd->var.green.length   = 6;
125 
126     s3c_lcd->var.blue.offset    = 0;
127     s3c_lcd->var.blue.length    = 5;
128 
129     s3c_lcd->var.activate       = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;
130     
131     
132     /* 2.3 设置操作函数 */
133     s3c_lcd->fbops              = &s3c_lcdfb_ops;
134     
135     /* 2.4 其他的设置 */
136     s3c_lcd->pseudo_palette = pseudo_palette;
137     //s3c_lcd->screen_base  = ;  /* 显存的虚拟地址 */ 
138     s3c_lcd->screen_size   = 240*324*16/8;
139 
140     /* 3. 硬件相关的操作 */
141     /* 3.1 配置GPIO用于LCD */
142     gpbcon = ioremap(0x56000010, 8);
143     gpbdat = gpbcon+1;
144     gpccon = ioremap(0x56000020, 4);
145     gpdcon = ioremap(0x56000030, 4);
146     gpgcon = ioremap(0x56000060, 4);
147 
148     *gpccon  = 0xaaaaaaaa;   /* GPIO管脚用于VD[7:0],LCDVF[2:0],VM,VFRAME,VLINE,VCLK,LEND */
149     *gpdcon  = 0xaaaaaaaa;   /* GPIO管脚用于VD[23:8] */
150     
151     *gpbcon &= ~(3);  /* GPB0设置为输出引脚 */
152     *gpbcon |= 1;
153     *gpbdat &= ~1;     /* 输出低电平 */
154 
155     *gpgcon |= (3<<8); /* GPG4用作LCD_PWREN */
156     
157     /* 3.2 根据LCD手册设置LCD控制器, 比如VCLK的频率等 */
158     lcd_regs = ioremap(0x4D000000, sizeof(struct lcd_regs));
159 
160     /* bit[17:8]: VCLK = HCLK / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2], LCD手册P14
161      *            10MHz(100ns) = 100MHz / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2]
162      *            CLKVAL = 4
163      * bit[6:5]: 0b11, TFT LCD
164      * bit[4:1]: 0b1100, 16 bpp for TFT
165      * bit[0]  : 0 = Disable the video output and the LCD control signal.
166      */
167     lcd_regs->lcdcon1  = (4<<8) | (3<<5) | (0x0c<<1);
168 
169 #if 1
170     /* 垂直方向的时间参数
171      * bit[31:24]: VBPD, VSYNC之后再过多长时间才能发出第1行数据
172      *             LCD手册 T0-T2-T1=4
173      *             VBPD=3
174      * bit[23:14]: 多少行, 320, 所以LINEVAL=320-1=319
175      * bit[13:6] : VFPD, 发出最后一行数据之后,再过多长时间才发出VSYNC
176      *             LCD手册T2-T5=322-320=2, 所以VFPD=2-1=1
177      * bit[5:0]  : VSPW, VSYNC信号的脉冲宽度, LCD手册T1=1, 所以VSPW=1-1=0
178      */
179     lcd_regs->lcdcon2  = (3<<24) | (319<<14) | (1<<6) | (0<<0);
180 
181 
182     /* 水平方向的时间参数
183      * bit[25:19]: HBPD, VSYNC之后再过多长时间才能发出第1行数据
184      *             LCD手册 T6-T7-T8=17
185      *             HBPD=16
186      * bit[18:8]: 多少列, 240, 所以HOZVAL=240-1=239
187      * bit[7:0] : HFPD, 发出最后一行里最后一个象素数据之后,再过多长时间才发出HSYNC
188      *             LCD手册T8-T11=251-240=11, 所以HFPD=11-1=10
189      */
190     lcd_regs->lcdcon3 = (16<<19) | (239<<8) | (10<<0);
191 
192     /* 水平方向的同步信号
193      * bit[7:0]    : HSPW, HSYNC信号的脉冲宽度, LCD手册T7=5, 所以HSPW=5-1=4
194      */    
195     lcd_regs->lcdcon4 = 4;
196 
197 #else
198 lcd_regs->lcdcon2 =    S3C2410_LCDCON2_VBPD(5) | 
199         S3C2410_LCDCON2_LINEVAL(319) | 
200         S3C2410_LCDCON2_VFPD(3) | 
201         S3C2410_LCDCON2_VSPW(1);
202 
203 lcd_regs->lcdcon3 =    S3C2410_LCDCON3_HBPD(10) | 
204         S3C2410_LCDCON3_HOZVAL(239) | 
205         S3C2410_LCDCON3_HFPD(1);
206 
207 lcd_regs->lcdcon4 =    S3C2410_LCDCON4_MVAL(13) | 
208         S3C2410_LCDCON4_HSPW(0);
209 
210 #endif
211     /* 信号的极性 
212      * bit[11]: 1=565 format
213      * bit[10]: 0 = The video data is fetched at VCLK falling edge
214      * bit[9] : 1 = HSYNC信号要反转,即低电平有效 
215      * bit[8] : 1 = VSYNC信号要反转,即低电平有效 
216      * bit[6] : 0 = VDEN不用反转
217      * bit[3] : 0 = PWREN输出0
218      * bit[1] : 0 = BSWP
219      * bit[0] : 1 = HWSWP 2440手册P413
220      */
221     lcd_regs->lcdcon5 = (1<<11) | (0<<10) | (1<<9) | (1<<8) | (1<<0);
222     
223     /* 3.3 分配显存(framebuffer), 并把地址告诉LCD控制器 */
224     s3c_lcd->screen_base = dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, &s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start, GFP_KERNEL);
225     
226     lcd_regs->lcdsaddr1  = (s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start >> 1) & ~(3<<30);
227     lcd_regs->lcdsaddr2  = ((s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start + s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len) >> 1) & 0x1fffff;
228     lcd_regs->lcdsaddr3  = (240*16/16);  /* 一行的长度(单位: 2字节) */    
229     
230     //s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start = xxx;  /* 显存的物理地址 */
231     /* 启动LCD */
232     lcd_regs->lcdcon1 |= (1<<0); /* 使能LCD控制器 */
233     lcd_regs->lcdcon5 |= (1<<3); /* 使能LCD本身 */
234     *gpbdat |= 1;     /* 输出高电平, 使能背光 */        
235 
236     /* 4. 注册 */
237     register_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);
238     
239     return 0;
240 }
241 
242 static void lcd_exit(void)
243 {
244     unregister_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);
245     lcd_regs->lcdcon1 &= ~(1<<0); /* 关闭LCD本身 */
246     *gpbdat &= ~1;     /* 关闭背光 */
247     dma_free_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, s3c_lcd->screen_base, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start);
248     iounmap(lcd_regs);
249     iounmap(gpbcon);
250     iounmap(gpccon);
251     iounmap(gpdcon);
252     iounmap(gpgcon);
253     framebuffer_release(s3c_lcd);
254 }
255 
256 module_init(lcd_init);
257 module_exit(lcd_exit);
258 
259 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
LCD Code

insmod cfbcopyarea.ko
insmod cfbfillrect.ko
insmod cfbimgblt.ko
insmod lcd.ko

还有一种是系统自带的LCD驱动程序,使用分层分离所写,再来学习!

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jason-linux/p/10294650.html