PHP中sprintf、printf等字符串格式化输出中的格式规则总结

sprintf、printf输出格式化字符串。

比如sprintf()的函数原型如下:

string sprintf ( string $format [, mixed $args [, mixed $... ]] )

其中$format用于指定输出的字符串的格式。

经过总结$format遵守以下原型:

%[n$][flags][width][.precision]specifier

其中:

  •  n$    是position specifier,指明本占位符代表的是哪个参数
    <?php
    $num = 5;
    $location = 'tree';
    
    $format = 'The %2$s contains %1$d monkeys';
    echo sprintf($format, $num, $location);
  • flags    是一些标志,用来表明是否显示+号、填充字符、对齐方式。具体flags见下表
    flag 描述
    + 默认情况下,只有在数字为负数时,才会显示出符号位‘-’。如果数字为正数,则不显示符号位‘+’。本flag设置之后,不论数字为正或为负,都显示符号位。
    'sign 或者 0

    本flag用来设置用来填充的符号。填充符号是为了是输出的字符串达到width指定的长度。默认的填充符是空格。标准的指定填充符的方式是:单引号+填充符,不过对于0作为填充符,即

    可以使用标准定义,也可以直接申明。

    - 本flag用来指明输出的结果是左对齐还是右对齐。缺省下是右对齐,申明本flag后,为左对齐。

    <?php
    echo sprintf ("|%+4d|%+4d|
    ",   1, -1);
    echo sprintf ("|%-4d|%-4d|
    ",   1, -1);
    echo sprintf ("|%+-4d|%+-4d|
    ", 1, -1);
    
    /*
    outputs:
    |  +1|  -1|
    |1   |-1  |
    |+1  |-1  |
    
    */
    
    echo sprintf ("|%04d|
    ",   -2);
    echo sprintf ("|%':4d|
    ",  -2);
    echo sprintf ("|%-':4d|
    ", -2);
    
    /*
    outputs:
    |-002|
    |::-2|
    |-2::|
    */
  • width    指明本格式输出至少有多少字符。即指明字符的输出长度。见上例。
  • .precision  指明对于浮点数,应该保留几位小数
    <?php
    $money = 123.1234;
    echo sprintf("%.2f", $money);    //123.1
  • specifier  specifier指明应该将参数以何种参数类型对待。
    <?php
    $n =  43951789;
    $u = -43951789;
    $c = 65; // ASCII 65 is 'A'
    
    // notice the double %%, this prints a literal '%' character
    printf("%%b = '%b'
    ", $n); // binary representation
    printf("%%c = '%c'
    ", $c); // print the ascii character, same as chr() function
    printf("%%d = '%d'
    ", $n); // standard integer representation
    printf("%%e = '%e'
    ", $n); // scientific notation
    printf("%%u = '%u'
    ", $n); // unsigned integer representation of a positive integer
    printf("%%u = '%u'
    ", $u); // unsigned integer representation of a negative integer
    printf("%%f = '%f'
    ", $n); // floating point representation
    printf("%%o = '%o'
    ", $n); // octal representation
    printf("%%s = '%s'
    ", $n); // string representation
    printf("%%x = '%x'
    ", $n); // hexadecimal representation (lower-case)
    printf("%%X = '%X'
    ", $n); // hexadecimal representation (upper-case)
    
    printf("%%+d = '%+d'
    ", $n); // sign specifier on a positive integer
    printf("%%+d = '%+d'
    ", $u); // sign specifier on a negative integer
    
    %b = '10100111101010011010101101'
    %c = 'A'
    %d = '43951789'
    %e = '4.39518e+7'
    %u = '43951789'
    %u = '4251015507'
    %f = '43951789.000000'
    %o = '247523255'
    %s = '43951789'
    %x = '29ea6ad'
    %X = '29EA6AD'
    %+d = '+43951789'
    %+d = '-43951789'
    View Code


    specifierOutputExample
    d  Signed decimal integer 392
    u Unsigned decimal integer 7235
    o Unsigned octal 610
    x Unsigned hexadecimal integer 7fa
    X Unsigned hexadecimal integer (uppercase) 7FA
    f Decimal floating point, lowercase 392.65
    F Decimal floating point, uppercase 392.65
    e Scientific notation (mantissa/exponent), lowercase 3.9265e+2
    E Scientific notation (mantissa/exponent), uppercase 3.9265E+2
    g Use the shortest representation: %e or %f 392.65
    G Use the shortest representation: %E or %F 392.65
    c the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as the character with that ASCII value a
    s String of characters sample
    p the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as a binary number 10100011
    % A % followed by another % character will write a single % to the stream. %






















     注明:
    本文主要参考官方文档:http://php.net/manual/en/function.sprintf.php 。并对文档进行了总结,以及对文档部分有偏差部分的纠正。不同处如下:
    1. flags可以是无序的。并不像文档所说——需要按照固定的顺序。flags处的例子可以说明问题。(另外需要指出的是:填充符0和左对齐标志‘-’合用会产生意想不到的结果,见下面的例子)
    echo sprintf ("|%-04d| ",  -2);  //输出:     |-2  |
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jade640/p/7100656.html