1. CBV
FBV：
url("index/",index) # index(request)
url("index/(d+)",index) # index(request,5)
url("index/(?Pd<name>d+)",index)# index(request,name=bender)
def index(request):pass
CBV:
url("index/",IndexView.as_view())
from django.views import View
class IndexView(View):
def get(self,request):
pass
def post(self,request):
pass
2. APIView
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class APIView(View):
def as_view():
view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs) # self.dispatch
def dispatch():
# 重新封装request
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
self.request = request
# 初始化操作
self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),self.http_method_not_allowed)
response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)
3. 序列化组件
class BookViewSet(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializers
from rest_framework import serializers
class PublishSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Publish
fields = '__all__'
4. 视图
方法一:最原始的方法
from rest_framework import serializers
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Book
fields="__all__"
class BookViewSet(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
return Response(bs.data)
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
print(request.data)
bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)
if bs.is_valid():
print(bs.validated_data)
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return HttpResponse(bs.errors)
class BookDetailViewSet(APIView):
def get(self,request,pk):
book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,context={'request': request})
return Response(bs.data)
def put(self,request,pk):
book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request})
if bs.is_valid():
bs.save()
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return HttpResponse(bs.errors)
方法二:mixin类编写视图
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
class BookViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializers
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
class BookDetailViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializers
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
方法三:使用通用的基于类的视图
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializers
class BookDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializers
终极方法:viewsets.ModelViewSet
url(r'^books/$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="book_list"),
url(r'^books/(?P<pk>d+)$', views.BookViewSet.as_view({
'get': 'retrieve',
'put': 'update',
'patch': 'partial_update',
'delete': 'destroy'}),
name="book_detail"),
视图部分:
class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializers
5. 认证组件
class Authentication(BaseAuthentication):
def authenticate(self,request):
token=request._request.GET.get("token")
token_obj=UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
if not token_obj:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败!")
return (token_obj.user,token_obj)
6. 权限组件
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
class SVIPPermission(BasePermission):
message="SVIP才能访问!"
def has_permission(self, request, view):
if request.user.user_type==3:
return True
return False
7. 频率组件
from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle, SimpleRateThrottle
import time
VISITED_RECORD = {}
class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):
def __init__(self):
self.history = None
def allow_request(self, request, view):
print(self.get_ident(request))
visit_ip = self.get_ident(request)
ctime = time.time()
# 第一次访问
if visit_ip not in VISITED_RECORD:
VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip] = [ctime]
return True
self.history = VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip] # 当前请求IP的记录列表
# 第二/三次访问
if len(VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip]) < 3:
VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip].insert(0, ctime)
return True
if ctime - VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip][-1] > 60:
VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip].pop()
VISITED_RECORD[visit_ip].insert(0, ctime)
print("ok")
return True
return False
def wait(self):
import time
ctime = time.time()
return 60 - (ctime - self.history[-1])
class VisitThrottles(SimpleRateThrottle):
scope = "xxx"
def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
return self.get_ident(request)
8. 解析器
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser
class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
parser_classes = [FormParser,JSONParser]
queryset = Publish.objects.all()
serializer_class = PublshSerializers
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print("request.data",request.data)
9. 分页
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination,LimitOffsetPagination
class PNPagination(PageNumberPagination):
page_size = 1
page_query_param = 'page'
page_size_query_param = "size"
max_page_size = 5
class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializers
def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
pp=LimitOffsetPagination()
pager_books=pp.paginate_queryset(queryset=book_list,request=request,view=self)
print(pager_books)
bs=BookSerializers(pager_books,many=True)
#return Response(bs.data)
return pp.get_paginated_response(bs.data)
10. 路由
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from snippets import views
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
# 创建路由器并注册我们的视图。
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'snippets', views.SnippetViewSet)
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
# API URL现在由路由器自动确定。
# 另外，我们还要包含可浏览的API的登录URL。
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
11. 响应器
from rest_framework.renderers import BrowsableAPIRenderer, JSONRenderer # 响应器组件