Zabbix使用总结

1. CentOS 7上启动zabbix-server失败,/var/log/messages中的报错信息如下:

Feb 22 12:56:43 mysql-server1 systemd: Starting Zabbix Server with MySQL DB...
Feb 22 12:56:43 mysql-server1 kernel: zabbix_server[1599]: segfault at 18 ip 00007fce09ca6bd0 sp 00007fffa39b7808 error 4 in libpthread-2.17.so[7fce09c9d000+16000]
Feb 22 12:56:43 mysql-server1 systemd: zabbix-server-mysql.service: control process exited, code=killed status=11
Feb 22 12:56:43 mysql-server1 systemd: Failed to start Zabbix Server with MySQL DB.
Feb 22 12:56:43 mysql-server1 systemd: Unit zabbix-server-mysql.service entered failed state.

解决方法:

# rpm -Uvh --force ftp://bo.mirror.garr.it/1/slc/centos/7.0.1406/updates/x86_64/Packages/gnutls-3.1.18-10.el7_0.x86_64.rpm

Retrieving ftp://bo.mirror.garr.it/1/slc/centos/7.0.1406/updates/x86_64/Packages/gnutls-3.1.18-10.el7_0.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:gnutls-3.1.18-10.el7_0           ################################# [ 50%]
Cleaning up / removing...
   2:gnutls-3.3.8-12.el7              ################################# [100%]

该RPM包的下载地址为:

http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/27966545/dir/centos_7/com/gnutls-3.1.18-10.el7_0.x86_64.rpm.html

2. CentOS 7的Zabbix官方源和epel源

    # rpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/2.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-2.2.11-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

    # rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm

    前者是Zabbix的官方源,后者是epel,前者只是安装zabbix这个软件,后者是安装epel的yum源,该epel源包含了zabbix的相关软件包,两者只用其一即可,如果两个都装了,在后续安装的过程中会报冲突。

Transaction check error:
  file /var/log/zabbix from install of zabbix22-agent-2.2.11-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package zabbix-2.2.11-1.el7.x86_64

 epel中包含的zabbix的软件包如下所示:

zabbix20.x86_64                                             2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix20-agent.x86_64                                       2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix20-proxy.noarch                                       2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix20-proxy-mysql.x86_64                                 2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix20-proxy-pgsql.x86_64                                 2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix20-proxy-sqlite3.x86_64                               2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix20-server.noarch                                      2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix20-server-mysql.x86_64                                2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix20-server-pgsql.x86_64                                2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix20-web.noarch                                         2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix20-web-mysql.noarch                                   2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix20-web-pgsql.noarch                                   2.0.16-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22.x86_64                                             2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-agent.x86_64                                       2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-dbfiles-mysql.noarch                               2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-dbfiles-pgsql.noarch                               2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-dbfiles-sqlite3.noarch                             2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-proxy.noarch                                       2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-proxy-mysql.x86_64                                 2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-proxy-pgsql.x86_64                                 2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-proxy-sqlite3.x86_64                               2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-server.noarch                                      2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-server-mysql.x86_64                                2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-server-pgsql.x86_64                                2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-web.noarch                                         2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-web-mysql.noarch                                   2.2.11-1.el7                               epel              
zabbix22-web-pgsql.noarch                                   2.2.11-1.el7                               epel    

3. 利用zabbix_get验证Agent的配置是否正确

# zabbix_get -s 192.168.244.144 -p 10050 -k system.uanme
ZBX_NOTSUPPORTED

   ZBX_NOTSUPPORTED代表监控项有问题

# zabbix_get -s 192.168.244.144 -p 10050 -k agent.ping
1

4.  59635:20160223:161315.258 no active checks on server [192.168.244.146:10051]: host [192.168.244.146] not found

     原因:/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf中的Hostname与zabbix web页面Monitoring->Configuration->Hosts 页面的Name不匹配

5. 在执行system.run时报“ZBX_NOTSUPPORTED”错误

[root@localhost ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.244.10 -k system.run['df -h']
ZBX_NOTSUPPORTED

   原因:客户端中配置文件中EnableRemoteCommands默认为0,没有开启。

   开启后,

[root@localhost ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.244.10 -k system.run['df -h']
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        18G  8.7G  8.0G  53% /
tmpfs           238M     0  238M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       190M   27M  154M  15% /boot

6. 被动模式和主动模式的区别

    被动模式:

    1> Server打开一个TCP连接

    2> Server发送一个key为agent.ping

    3> Agent接受到这个请求,然后响应数据<HEADER><DATALEN>1

    4> Server对接收到的数据进行处理

    5> TCP连接关闭

    主动模式:

    1> Agent向Server建立一个TCP的连接

    2> Agent请求需要检测的数据列表

    3> Server响应Agent,发送一个Items列表(item key,delay)

    4> Agent响应请求

    5> TCP连接关闭

    6> Agent开始周期性地收集数据。

    7> Agent向Server建议一个TCP连接

    8> Agent发送在采集周期内,需要采集的数据给Server。

    9> Server处理Agent发送的数据。

   10> TCP连接关闭

7. 如何禁用Zabbix的重新安装

   禁用前:

  

   如何禁用:

   # vim /usr/share/zabbix/include/menu.inc.php

/**,
                        array(
                                'url' => 'setup.php',
                                'label' => _('Installation')
                        )**/

  禁用后:

 

  如果数据库不变的话,重装数据库基本上没影响,还是展示之前的数据。

8. 如何设置zabbix前端页面的刷新时间

    右上角Profile->User->Refresh (in seconds)

9. Zabbix Agent的配置参数

Server:被动模式,允许哪台服务器连接Agent

ServerActive:主动模式,向哪台服务器传送数据。

10. zabbix_sender

Zabbix的Trapping模式,将采集到的数据通过定时任务等主动发送给zabbix_server。

11. Administration->General->Housekeeper

采用表分区后,需要关闭Housekeeper的功能,因为Housekeeper对数据的清理主要是通过DELECT语句来进行的,在数据量比较大的情况下,DELETE操作执行效率比较低。 

12. Zabbix登录用户的账号和密码保存在zabbix.users表中

      其中passwd字段是用的md5算法加密

mysql> select * from zabbix.users where alias='Admin'G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
        userid: 1
         alias: Admin
          name: Zabbix
       surname: Administrator
        passwd: 5fce1b3e34b520afeffb37ce08c7cd66
           url: 
     autologin: 1
    autologout: 0
          lang: en_GB
       refresh: 30
          type: 3
         theme: default
attempt_failed: 0
    attempt_ip: 192.168.244.1
 attempt_clock: 1488507893
 rows_per_page: 50
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select md5('123456');
+----------------------------------+
| md5('123456')                    |
+----------------------------------+
| e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e |
+----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

13. Zabbix完整的监控配置流程

Host groups(主机组)-> Hosts(主机)-> Applications(监控项组)-> Items(监控项)-> Triggers(触发器)->Event(事件)->Actions(处理动作)-> User Groups(用户组)-> Users(用户)-> Medias(告警方式)-> Audit(日志审计)

14. Graphs

个人感觉Graphs其实完全不用配置,直接查看Monitoring->Latest data->具体item的Graph

15. Screen

Screen将多种信息放到一起展示,便于集中展示某个Host的多个信息,或是将多个Hosts的同一种信息放到一起显示。

这些信息可以为Graphs,Maps,Server info等,几乎涵盖Zabbix所有的监控信息。
 
16. Slide shows在多个Screen之间以幻灯片的方式来展示。
 
17. 日志的工作方式必须为主动模式,用zabbig_get提示不支持。
 
18. Zabbix告警的配置步骤
1. 设置Trigger
2. 配置用户
3. 配置告警介质
4. 设置Action
其中,action包含两部分:第一是发送信息,即将告警信息发送给用户;第二部分是执行命令,即将事件用命令进行处理,达到对事件故障自动尝试恢复的效果。
 
19. 如何查看已经触发的Action
Administration-> Audit -> Actions(Action_log)
 
20. 解决zabbix Item Not supported的问题
Administration -> General -> Other -> Refresh unsupported items (in sec)
 
21.
/*
 * The cache (zbx_vc_cache_t) is organized as a hashset of item records (zbx_vc_item_t).
 *
 * Each record holds item data (itemid, value_type), statistics (hits, last access time,...)
 * and the historical data (timestamp,value pairs in ascending order).
 *
 * The historical data are stored from largest request (+timeshift) range to the
 * current time. The data is automatically fetched from DB whenever a request
 * exceeds cached value range.
 *
 * If an item is already being cached the new values are automatically added to the cache
 * after being written into database.
 *
 * When cache runs out of memory to store new items it enters in low memory mode.
 * In low memory mode cache continues to function as before with few restrictions:
 *   1) items that weren't accessed during the last day are removed from cache.
 *   2) items with worst hits/values ratio might be removed from cache to free the space.
 *   3) no new items are added to the cache.
 *
 * The low memory mode can't be turned off - it will persist until server is rebooted.
 * In low memory mode a warning message is written into log every 5 minutes.
 */
 

   

   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ivictor/p/5206735.html