selenium笔记

selenium 元素定位方法

通过id定位元素：find_element_by_id("id_vaule")
通过name定位元素：find_element_by_name("name_vaule")
通过tag_name定位元素：find_element_by_tag_name("tag_name_vaule")
通过class_name定位元素：find_element_by_class_name("class_name")
通过css定位元素：find_element_by_css_selector()
通过xpath定位元素：find_element_by_xpath("xpath")
通过link：find_element_by_link_text("text_vaule")
通过find_element_by_partial_link_text()

常用方法

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)   #隐形等待
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
sleep(1)

#以五种定位方式定位到百度首页的搜索输入框
kw_find = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
#kw_find= driver.find_element_by_class_name('s_ipt')
#kw_find= driver.find_element_by_name('wd')
#kw_find = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="kw"]')
#kw_find = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#kw') #id用#kw，class用.s_ipt ，与css的简写方式相同

#send_keys() 是selenium自带的方法，用来输入文本
kw_find.send_keys('selenium')

#使用id定位方式定位到搜索按钮
su_find = driver.find_element_by_id('su')

#click() 是selenium自带的方法，用来点击定位的元素
su_find.click()

sleep(1)
driver.quit()

　　selenium 实战 - 拖动滚动条

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

import time
import random

# 加载xpath插件
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
extension_path = 'D:/extension/XPath-Helper_v2.0.2.crx'
chrome_options.add_extension(extension_path)

browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
#browser.maximize_window()
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 25)
waitPopWindow = WebDriverWait(browser, 25)

browser.get("https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=phone")

time.sleep(random.randrange(5, 10, 1))

# 找到 Next Page 按钮， 属于可见元素
# js代码有两种写法，但是对元素的要求不同，focus更为严格

# 第一种方法：focus
targetElem = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//a[@id='pagnNextLink']")
browser.execute_script("arguments[0].focus();", targetElem)

# 第二种方法：scrollIntoView
# targetElem = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//a[@id='pagnNextLink']/span[@id='pagnNextString']")
# browser.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", targetElem)    # 拖动到可见的元素去

print(f"结束拖动滚动条....")
time.sleep(random.randrange(5, 10, 1))
browser.quit()

　　selenium 实战 - 拖动指定距离

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

import time
import random

# 加载xpath插件
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
extension_path = 'D:/extension/XPath-Helper_v2.0.2.crx'
chrome_options.add_extension(extension_path)

browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
browser.maximize_window()
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 25)
waitPopWindow = WebDriverWait(browser, 25)

browser.get("https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=phone")

time.sleep(random.randrange(5, 10, 1))
# 指定像素
jsCode = "var q=document.documentElement.scrollTop=100000"
browser.execute_script(jsCode)
print("拖动滑动条到底部...")

time.sleep(random.randrange(5, 10, 1))
browser.quit()

　　发送 TAB 移动

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

import time
import random

# 加载xpath插件
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
extension_path = 'D:/extension/XPath-Helper_v2.0.2.crx'
chrome_options.add_extension(extension_path)

browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
browser.maximize_window()
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 25)
waitPopWindow = WebDriverWait(browser, 25)

browser.get("https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=phone")

time.sleep(random.randrange(5, 10, 1))

# 找到 Next Page 按钮， 属于可见元素

# 指定元素是 超链接 ———— 可以用Tab键切换到
targetElem = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//a[@id='pagnNextLink']")

# 这个元素不是超链接，所以无法接收Tab键
# targetElem = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//a[@id='pagnNextLink']/span[@id='pagnNextString']")

targetElem.send_keys(Keys.TAB)

print(f"结束拖动滚动条....")
time.sleep(random.randrange(5, 10, 1))
browser.quit()

参考资料：