Linux创建RAID10_实战
Linux创建RAID10
- RAID10 是先将数据进行镜像操作，然后再对数据进行分组，RAID1 在这里就是一个冗余的备份阵列，而RAID0则负责数据的读写阵列
- 至少要四块盘，两两组合做 RAID1，然后做 RAID0，RAID10 对存储容量的利用率和RAID1一样低，只有 50%
- Raid10 方案造成了 50% 的磁盘浪费，但是它提供了 200% 的速度和单磁盘损坏的数据安全性，并且当同时损坏的磁盘不在同一 RAID1 中，就能保证数据安全性，RAID10 能提供比 RAID5 更好的性能
创建RAID10，并格式化，挂载使用
- 添加4块虚拟硬盘并全部分区，类型ID为fd
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 10G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 10G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 10G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 7.3G 0 rom
nvme0n1 259:0 0 80G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 79G 0 part
├─rhel-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─rhel-home 253:2 0 27G 0 lvm /home
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l | grep raid
/dev/sda1 2048 20971519 20969472 10G fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdb1 2048 20971519 20969472 10G fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdc1 2048 20971519 20969472 10G fd Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdd1 2048 20971519 20969472 10G fd Linux raid autodetect
- 创建两个 RAID1，不添加热备份盘
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md101 -l1 -n2 /dev/sd{a,b}1
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
mdadm: size set to 10475520K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md101 started.
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md102 -l1 -n2 /dev/sd{c,d}1
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
mdadm: size set to 10475520K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md102 started.
- 查看 raidstat 状态
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md102 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
10475520 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md101 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0]
10475520 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
- 查看两个 RAID1 的详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md101
/dev/md101:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Dec 21 23:17:00 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Dec 21 23:17:53 2020
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : localhost:101 (local to host localhost)
UUID : 6edfc41b:6bb36e51:e0f130aa:d279835f
Events : 17
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1
1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md102
/dev/md102:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Dec 21 23:17:47 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Used Dev Size : 10475520 (9.99 GiB 10.73 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Dec 21 23:18:40 2020
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Consistency Policy : resync
Name : localhost:102 (local to host localhost)
UUID : 0652afc7:eef07cc0:f27498fc:375620b9
Events : 17
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1
1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1
- 创建 RAID10
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md10 -l0 -n2 /dev/md10{1,2}
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md10 started.
- 查看 raidstat 状态
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1] [raid0]
md10 : active raid0 md102[1] md101[0]
20932608 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
md102 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
10475520 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md101 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0]
10475520 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
- 查看 RAID10 的详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md10
/dev/md10:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Dec 21 23:28:37 2020
Raid Level : raid0
Array Size : 20932608 (19.96 GiB 21.43 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Dec 21 23:28:37 2020
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : original
Chunk Size : 512K
Consistency Policy : none
Name : localhost:10 (local to host localhost)
UUID : 7c1db36f:4346f40e:07419940:4423e366
Events : 0
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 9 101 0 active sync /dev/md101
1 9 102 1 active sync /dev/md102
- 格式化 RAID10,类型为 xfs
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md10
meta-data=/dev/md10 isize=512 agcount=16, agsize=327040 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5232640, imaxpct=25
= sunit=128 swidth=256 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
- 挂载 RAID10 ,挂载点为 /raid10
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /raid10
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md10 /raid10/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 887M 0 887M 0% /dev
tmpfs 904M 0 904M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 904M 8.7M 895M 1% /run
tmpfs 904M 0 904M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 1.8G 49G 4% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 173M 842M 17% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home 27G 225M 27G 1% /home
tmpfs 181M 0 181M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/md10 20G 176M 20G 1% /raid10