源码安装Python3

一、安装Python3需要的依赖包

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y gcc make wget openssl openssl-devel readline readline-devel zlib* libffi-devel

注释：readline 是 bash shell 用的库，包含许多使用功能
后面预编译可能会出现zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available报错，所以先安装zlib*（包括需要的组件）
后面编译安装可能会出现出现异常ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'报错，所以先安装libffi-devel

二、下载Python3源码包、安装

1. 下载Python3源码包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.1/Python-3.8.1.tgz

2. 解压
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf Python-3.8.1.tgz

3. 预编译
[root@localhost ~]# cd Python-3.8.1
[root@localhost Python-3.8.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-ssl

4. 编译安装
[root@localhsot Python-3.8.1]# make
[root@localhsot Python-3.8.1]# make install

三、启动Python3

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3
Python 3.8.1 (default, Nov 22 2020, 17:23:29) 
[GCC 8.3.1 20191121 (Red Hat 8.3.1-5)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

测试是否可以使用ssl模块

[root@localhost ~]# python3 
Python 3.8.1 (default, Nov 22 2020, 17:23:29) 
[GCC 8.3.1 20191121 (Red Hat 8.3.1-5)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import ssl
>>>        //没有回显什么，表示可以使用ssl模块

四、快速启动

在/usr/bin路径下生成Python3的软链接:ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
[root@localhost ~]# python3 
Python 3.8.1 (default, Nov 22 2020, 17:23:29) 
[GCC 8.3.1 20191121 (Red Hat 8.3.1-5)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# which python3 
/usr/bin/python3