RHEL高级磁盘管理—VDO
VDO简介
Virtual Data Optimizer通过数据去重、压缩的方式来优化存储空间。VDO层放置在现有块存储设备上，例如Raid设备、本地磁盘设备。LVM或文件系统 放置在VDO层之上，也可以将VDO放在LVM层之上VDO工具需要用户手动安装，安装完成后即可使用vdo命令创建、添加、删除、激活、停止等操作
VDO安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vdo
vdo常用的选项
- vdo语法：
vdo command - command常用的参数：
create 创建一个VDO卷及其关联索引使其可用。
remove 删除一个或多个已停止的VDO卷和相关卷索引。
modify 修改一个或所有VDO的配置参数卷。更改将在VDO下次运行时生效设备启动;已经运行的设备则不是受到影响。
list 显示已启动VDO卷的列表。如果,所有指定它同时显示已启动和未启动卷。
start 启动一个或多个已停止、激活的VDO卷相关的服务。
status 以YAML格式报告VDO系统和卷状态。但是，这个命令不需要root特权如果没有，信息将是不完整的。
stop 停止一个或多个正在运行的VDO卷和相关卷服务。
activate 激活一个或多个VDO卷。激活卷可以使用“开始”命令启动。
deactivate 使一个或多个VDO卷失效。停用不能通过“start”命令启动卷。停用当前正在运行的卷不会停止它。
growLogical 增加VDO卷的逻辑大小。卷必须存在并且必须正在运行。
growPhysical 增加VDO卷的物理大小。卷必须存在并且必须正在运行。
使用vdo示例
目标： 使用为分区的磁盘，创建名为vdoname的vdo卷，并挂载到/vdodir目录下，并且能开机自定挂载
- 查看已经存在的未分区的磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
使用磁盘分区创建vdo卷（也可以使用整个未分区的磁盘创建分区，在分区上创建vdo卷；如果使用这种方法，首先要清除磁盘上的签名）
- 创建一个磁盘分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-167772159, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-167772159, default 167772159): +20G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 20 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
- 查看该磁盘分区
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part //这是刚刚创建的磁盘分区
sr0 11:0 1 7.3G 0 rom /mnt
nvme0n1 259:0 0 80G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 79G 0 part
├─rhel-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─rhel-home 253:2 0 27G 0 lvm /home
- 在/dev/sda1上创建vdo卷（注意：创建的分区不需要格式化）
[root@localhost ~]# vdo create --name=vdoname --device=/dev/sda1 --vdoLogicalSize=8G
Creating VDO vdoname
Starting VDO vdoname
Starting compression on VDO vdoname
VDO instance 2 volume is ready at /dev/mapper/vdoname
- 查看已经创建的vdo卷
[root@localhost ~]# vdo list
vdoname
或者使用lsblk查看
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part
└─vdoname 253:3 0 8G 0 vdo
- 格式化vdo卷，格式化类型xfs
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vdoname
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vdoname isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=524288 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2097152, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
- 查看已经创建的vdo卷的属性
[root@localhost ~]# vdostats --si
Device Size Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/vdoname 21.5G 4.3G 17.2G 20% 99%
或者使用blkid查看
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /dev/mapper/vdoname
/dev/mapper/vdoname: UUID="e7bf09bb-1203-4eef-8837-cd802ef11ded" TYPE="xfs"
- 挂载vdo卷，挂载目录
/vdodir
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /vdodir
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vdoname /vdodir/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 886M 0 886M 0% /dev
tmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 903M 8.6M 894M 1% /run
tmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 2.2G 48G 5% /
/dev/mapper/rhel-home 27G 225M 27G 1% /home
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 171M 844M 17% /boot
tmpfs 181M 0 181M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 7.4G 7.4G 0 100% /mnt
/dev/mapper/vdoname 8.0G 90M 8.0G 2% /vdodir //已经挂载成功
- 查看挂载后的vdo卷的信息
[root@localhost ~]# vdostats --si
Device Size Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/vdoname 21.5G 4.3G 17.2G 20% 98%
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/mapper/vdoname
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vdoname 253:3 0 8G 0 vdo /vdodir
- 开机自动挂载vdo卷
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/dev/mapper/vdoname /vdodir xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Aug 26 03:25:38 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=234365dc-2262-452e-9cbb-a6acfde04385 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-home /home xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/vdoname /vdodir xfs defaults 0 0
- 删除一个vdo卷
[root@localhost ~]# umount /vdodir/ //如果已经挂载，需要先卸载
[root@localhost ~]# vdo remove --name=vdoname
Removing VDO vdoname
Stopping VDO vdoname
[root@localhost ~]# vdo list
或者使用lsblk查看
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part
RHEL高级磁盘管理—Stratis
Stratis简介
- RHEL8.0本地存储管理工具
- 通过
Stratis可以便捷的使用精简配置（Thin Provisioning）、快照（Snapshots）、基于池（Pool-based）的管理和监控等高级存储功能 Stratis基于xfs文件系统格式，创建filesystem后不需要格式化；例如：在pool池中创建file文件系统，则file文件系统的类型已经是xfs格式，不需要在去格式化- 守护进程：
stratisd
安装Stratisd服务
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y stratisd stratis-cli
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now stratisd
使用Stratis的整体操作流程
- 选择完好的块设备（磁盘或者分区）
- 创建
pool - 在
pool中创建文件系统（filesystem）
使用Stratis创建pool示例
- 创建完好的磁盘分区
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part
- 创建pool前查看块设备是否存在签名认证，如果有则必须先清除块设备上的签名认证，才能继续使用
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 80 GiB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4b000bc8
Disklabel部分就是块设备的签名认证，需要清除该签名认证
[root@localhost ~]# wipefs -a /dev/sda
/dev/sda: 2 bytes were erased at offset 0x000001fe (dos): 55 aa
/dev/sda: calling ioctl to re-read partition table: Success
清除后，再次查看块设备的签名信息
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 80 GiB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
- 创建pool池，一般是要求1G以上大小的块设备，才能创建pool池
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool create pool-one /dev/sda1 //pool-one是pool的名称；/dev/sda1是拿来使用的块设备
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
Name Total Physical Size Total Physical Used
pool-one 20 GiB 52 MiB
- 向已经存在的pool池中添加块设备
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda2
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda2 8:2 0 20G 0 part
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool add-data pool-one /dev/sda2
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
Name Total Physical Size Total Physical Used
pool-one 40 GiB 72 MiB //容量比原来扩大了
- 同时将两块块设备添加到同一个pool池中
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda3 8:3 0 10G 0 part
sda4 8:4 0 20G 0 part
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool create pool-two /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4
[root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
Name Total Physical Size Total Physical Used
pool-one 40 GiB 72 MiB
pool-two 30 GiB 56 MiB
- 查看pool-one池和pool-two池中所使用的块设备
[root@localhost ~]# stratis blockdev list pool-one
Pool Name Device Node Physical Size State Tier
pool-one /dev/sda1 20 GiB InUse Data
pool-one /dev/sda2 20 GiB InUse Data
[root@localhost ~]# stratis blockdev list pool-two
Pool Name Device Node Physical Size State Tier
pool-two /dev/sda3 10 GiB InUse Data
pool-two /dev/sda4 20 GiB InUse Data
- 查看pool-one池和pool-two池中块设备的信息
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part
│ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-physical-originsub 253:3 0 40G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thinmeta 253:4 0 32M 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thindata 253:5 0 40G 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
│ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-mdv 253:6 0 16M 0 stratis
├─sda2 8:2 0 20G 0 part
│ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-physical-originsub 253:3 0 40G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thinmeta 253:4 0 32M 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thindata 253:5 0 40G 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
│ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-mdv 253:6 0 16M 0 stratis
├─sda3 8:3 0 10G 0 part
│ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-physical-originsub 253:8 0 30G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thinmeta 253:9 0 16M 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
│ ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thindata 253:10 0 30G 0 stratis
│ │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
│ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-mdv 253:11 0 16M 0 stratis
└─sda4 8:4 0 20G 0 part
└─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-physical-originsub 253:8 0 30G 0 stratis
├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thinmeta 253:9 0 16M 0 stratis
│ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thindata 253:10 0 30G 0 stratis
│ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
└─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-mdv 253:11 0 16M 0 stratis
使用Stratis创建filesystem示例
- 在pool-one池中创建filesystem（一次只能创建一个filesystem）
[root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem create pool-one file-one //pool-one是pool的名称；file-one是filesystem的名称
[root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem list //列出已经拥有的filesystem
Pool Name Name Used Created Device UUID
pool-one file-one 546 MiB Sep 20 2020 20:33 /stratis/pool-one/file-one deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a
- 查看指定pool池中拥有的filesystem
[root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem list pool-one
Pool Name Name Used Created Device UUID
pool-one file-one 546 MiB Sep 20 2020 20:33 /stratis/pool-one/file-one deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a
- 挂载filesystem，挂载点：
/fsdir
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /fsdir
[root@localhost ~]# mount /stratis/pool-one/file-one /fsdir/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 886M 0 886M 0% /dev
tmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 903M 8.7M 894M 1% /run
tmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 1.7G 49G 4% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 173M 842M 17% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home 27G 225M 27G 1% /home
tmpfs 181M 0 181M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 7.4G 7.4G 0 100% /mnt
/dev/mapper/stratis-1-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thin-fs-deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a 1.0T 7.2G 1017G 1% /fsdir
- 写入到/etc/fstab配置文件中，建议使用UUID，因为使用name的话，每次更新name，都要对配置文件进行刷新
[root@localhost ~]# blkid /stratis/pool-one/file-one
/stratis/pool-one/file-one: UUID="deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a" TYPE="xfs"
[root@localhost ~]# echo "UUID=deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a /fsdir xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# tail -3 /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/rhel-home /home xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a /fsdir xfs defaults 0 0