Quiz2
班级 学号 姓名
Part1 Vocabulary
1 work 2 conduct 3 electricity 4 positive
5 current 6 resistance 7 foundation 8 signal processing
9 dedicated 10 innovative 11 mastery 12 trend
13 correspond 14 steady 15 double 16 stabilize
17 terminal 18 compact 19 bandwidth 20 data compression
- to allow electricity to pass through something
- possessing a charge opposite to that of an electron
- a flow of electricity caused by the movement of charged particles
D a class that students take to prepare for a degree program
E to be devoted to a task or cause
F a form of energy caused by charged particles
G to have a direct relationship with something
H to become twice as much
I a computer’s central circuit board
J a measure of how quickly a computer transmits information
K occupying a small amount of space
L a location where a user can access a computer system
M to reach a state with infrequent change
N not changing or changing slowly
O a consistent change over time
P new, creative, and advanced
Q advanced knowledge or skills in a particular area
R a branch of engineering that studies communication between electrical components and devices
S the ability to obstruct the flow of electricity
T action or movement produced by kinetic energy
Part2 Read the sentence pairs. Choose which words or phrase best fits each blank.
1 friction/ energy
A According to the laws of physics, it is impossible to destroy___________ .
B Ice is slippery because it does not have much _________.
2 transfer/ release
A An explosion usually __________ a large amount of energy into the surrounding area.
B A stove ________ heat from the burner to the pot.
3 charge / circuit
A A negative ______________ has extra electrons.
B If a ______________ is broken, electricity cannot flow all the way through it.
4 convert / reduce
A The student attempted to ______________ the fraction to its lowest form.
B The student explained how to ______________ fractions to percentages.
5 programming / hardware design
A The student’s skill at ________________ helped her rewrite the software.
B The man created a new processor in his _______________ class.
6 talented / curious
A A display of the engineer’s advanced skills proved how ________ she was.
B The employee was__________ about the new software, so he researched it further.
7 observation / evaluation
A After the procedure, the professor made an ________.
B After careful study, the engineer formed his ______ of the chip’s performance.
8 problem / experiment
A The team developed a(n) ____________ to test the hypothesis.
B The hypothesis seeks to explain a(n) ____________ .
9 prototype / result
A At the end of the experiment, the engineer reported a surprising ________ .
B The engineer was disappointed when the _________failed to function.
10 rise / decline
A The need for new computers caused a _______________ in sales.
B The price of computers is in _____________ as parts become cheaper.
Part3 Dialogues
Task1
Instructor: 1 ?
Student: Yeah, I think so.
Instructor: Okay, then. 2 ?
Student: Are they potential energy and kinetic energy?
Instructor: Correct. And 3 ?
Student: Hmm. Chemical energy is a form of kinetic energy, right?
Instructor: Nope. 4 ? Chemical energy is actually a form of potential energy.
Student: Ah, that’s right. 5 .
A which type of energy is chemical energy
B How may I help you
C Are you ready for the test tomorrow
D Chemical energy becomes kinetic energy through chemical reactions
E You’ve got that backwards
Task2
Advisor: So, Lisa. You wanted to 1 ?
Student: Yes. I’d also like to 2 .
Advisor: Let’s see. You’re about your halfway through the bachelor’s degree program.
Student: That sounds about right. 3 .
Advisor: Good. It looks like your ready 4 .
Student: What does that include?
Advisor: Well, I’d recommend 5 .
Student: Okay. I’ll sign up for both next semester.
A I just finished classes in programming and computer architecture.
B for advanced electrical engineering
C plan my next year of classes
D enrolling in signal processing and hardware design
E discuss your progress towards your degree
Task3
Interviewer: Yes, it’s very impressive. 1 ?
Applicant: Well, I try to 2 .
Interviewer: I’d like to hear that. 3 ?
Applicant: Um, actually, I once had to troubleshoot a problem in my company’s mainframe.
Interviewer: Wow. I’m sure that 4 .
Applicant: Oh, yes. I’d say that I’m very detail-oriented.
Interviewer: How else do you use this trait?
Applicant: At my previous job, 5 .
A Could you provide an example
B Can you elaborate on your skills
C I had to focus on multiple projects at once
D required close attention to detail
E find logical solutions to problems whenever possible
Part4 Reading
Task1
In 1965, computer engineer Gordon Moore made a remarkable prediction. He said that computer processing power should double every two years. While the rate fluctuates, the overall trend actually follows it quite closely. This theory is known as Moore’s law.
Moore’s law is based on various factors. As manufacturing improves, the cost of transistors decreases. The decline in costs corresponds to a rise in production. Engineers can afford to place more transistors（晶体管） on each circuit. As a result, computing power increases at a steady rate.
However, not everyone benefits from such rapid improvements. As computing power expands, older models fade quickly into obsolescence. Even though costs have decreased, computers are still expensive for some. Many average consumers cannot afford a new computer every two years.
Some analysts predict that the trend will not last. They suggest that growth will begin to stabilize in a few years. If predictions are correct, growth may double in three years instead of two.
Read the magazine article. Then, choose the correct answers.
1 What is the purpose of the article?
A to discuss the rate at which computers improve over time
B to explain how consumers influence computer technology trends
C to persuade people to buy more efficient computers
D to describe the need for new processing systems
2 Which of the following is NOT a component of Moore’s law?
A a decline in technology costs
B doubled computing power
C a rise in transistors per circuit
D decreased obsolescence
3 What do analysts predict about the growth of processing power?
A It will lead to higher costs.
B It will slow down.
C It will stop within a few years.
D It will become more rapid.
Task2
NetSharp is dedicated to solving problems. That’s why we structure our engineering process around the scientific method.
First, we make an observation about a problem. For computer engineers, problems are usually defined by hardware or software requirements.
Next, we research the problem and form a hypothesis. To test it, we need a testable prototype. We expect a prototype to function, but we aren’t certain until we perform experiments.
During the test, we note if a component does not work as expected. We adjust this independent variable and test again. The new prototype becomes the experimental group, while the control group remains unchanged. That lets us monitor whether our adjustments improved functionality.
Finally, we draw conclusions based on the results. If the new prototype functions better, we test the next independent variable. Our evaluation is not complete until we have a fully functional product.
Read the webpage. Then, choose the correct answers.
1 What is the purpose of the webpage?
A to illustrate how product users can apply the scientific method
B to describe a company’s problem-solving process
C to explain the challenges of experimenting on computer products
D to show how testing prototypes slows production
2 What part of an experiment does a prototype test?
A an observation
B an evaluation
C a conclusion
D a hypothesis
3 Which of the following is NOT part of the company’s engineering process?
A altering a control group
B making an observation
C studying a problem
D testing a variable
Task3
Dynxis Corp. is seeking talented computer engineers. Candidates must have at least five years of experience. They should have mastery of both hardware design and programming. We will only consider an applicant with a bachelor’s degree in a relevant field. Additionally, he or she must pay close attention to current technology and trends.
We want someone who is thorough and detail-oriented. Candidates should be able to focus on multiple tasks simultaneously. Our systems are extremely complex. This means that even minor errors can be critical.
At Dynxis Corp., we value critical thinking. We appreciate employees who can find logical solutions. However, we also seek curious individuals with innovative ideas. We encourage employees to think creatively. We want people with a balance of both practical and creative skills.
We have high standards at Dynxis Corp. If you are dedicated and efficient, we encourage you to apply.
Email your résumé to hr@dynxis.com.
Read the job listing. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).
1 The company will train inexperienced candidates.
2 The candidate should be equally practical and creative.
3 The company is hiring someone to resolve previous critical errors.
Task4
Central University – Bachelor’s of Science in Computer Engineering Central University offers a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering. The program covers circuitry and other aspects of electrical engineering. It also includes a comprehensive education in computer science. Students will gain an advanced understanding of computer hardware and software.
The first semester includes courses in computer architecture. These teach the basic physical structure of computers. Then, students move on to programming. This is where they will learn how to create software. Later courses include signal processing and hardware design.
Program applicants must have a strong background in mathematics and science. Before officially entering the program, students must take several foundation courses. These include introductory courses in physics and calculus.
Read the webpage. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).
1 ___ Students study mathematics before they are admitted to the program.
2 ____ The first semester includes a course in signal processing.
3 ___ Students are required to take calculus courses during the first year of the program.
Task5
Energy
All energy is either kinetic energy or potential energy. For instance, chemical energy is a form of potential energy. During a chemical reaction, a substance releases potential energy. When this happens, the energy becomes kinetic. The result of kinetic energy is often called work.
Energy cannot be destroyed. In physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy in a system remains constant over time. However, energy can change forms. Many processes transfer energy between objects. For example, substances rubbing together encounter friction. This prevents objects from sliding smoothly against each other. Friction prevents some potential energy from becoming kinetic. During friction, some of the energy is released as heat energy.
Read the textbook chapter. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).
1 ___ The two main types of energy are potential energy and chemical energy.
2 ___ Chemical reactions convert potential energy into kinetic energy.
3 ___ The laws of physics prevent the transfer of energy between objects.
Task6
INTRODUCTION TO electricity
Harnessing electricity is one of mankind’s greatest achievements. ENGR 120 introduces the fundamentals of this fascinating natural force.
The course begins with the basics of electricity. It addresses how electrons and electron holes create positive and negative charges. Students will learn why some substances conduct electricity while others do not. They will also learn what determines a circuit’s polarity.
Later in the semester, the course covers applications of electricity. The class will visit a power plant. There, they will learn about generating electricity. Students must also attend a workshop on everyday applications of electricity. The workshop includes practical experiments with direct currents and alternating currents.
Read the course description. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F).
1 ___ The course begins with practical uses of currents.
2 ___ Students will go to a power plant later in the semester.
3 ___ Students must attend a workshop on generating electricity.
Part5 Translation
1 During a chemical reaction, a substance releases potential energy.
2 Program applicants must have a strong background in mathematics and science. Before officially entering the program, students must take several foundation courses. These include introductory courses in physics and calculus.
3 First, we make an observation about a problem. For computer engineers, problems are usually defined by hardware or software requirements.
4 Students will gain an advances understanding of computer hardware and software.
5 For computer engineers, problems are usually defined by hardware or software requirements.
6 Good computers can perform work quickly with few resources.
7 Users can use various criteria to evaluate computer performance.
8 A computer’s availability is simply its ability to work at any given time.
9 A computer’s ability to send and receive data quickly is important.
10 Computers with slow response times are inefficient and frustrating.