手工建库

一：操作步骤

---1:手工建库 官方文档位置
----Database Administration---》Administrator's Guide----》2 Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database


----1、Specify an Instance Identifier (SID)
  prod
----2、建立目录，在$ORACLE_BASE/admin/下建立$ORACLE_SID的目录，再创建子目录/adump（存储审计文件的目录），/dpdump

/u01/app/oracle/admin/prod/{a,dp}dump
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/{prod,PROD}
----建立目录，在$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/下建立$ORACLE_SID的目录
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod

----3、设置oracle用户环境变量实例名为prod
export ORACLE_SID=prod

----4、创建参数文件
cat $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora |grep -v ^# >initprod.ora

vi initprod.ora

db_name='prod'
memory_target=512M
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/prod/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=4182M
diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/control03.ctl')
compatible ='11.2.0.4'

----5、创建密码文件
orapwd file=orapwprod password=oracle

----6、启动实例(NOMOUNTT状态)
startup nomount

----7、运行建库脚本
CREATE DATABASE prod
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
   MAXLOGFILES 50
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 10
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   MAXINSTANCES 1
   CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE  DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf' SIZE 100M REUSE  DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

----8、运行创建数据字典脚本
创建数据字典视图
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
创建PL/SQL的软件包和过程
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

二：具体实验：

1：创建有些文件目录。

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
---进入oracle base目录
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin  cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  fast_recovery_area  oradata  product
--进入admin目录 
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd admin
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls
orcl
---创建新的SID :neworcl
[oracle@localhost admin]$ mkdir neworcl
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls
neworcl  orcl
[oracle@localhost admin]$

[oracle@localhost admin]$


[oracle@localhost admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/admin
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls
neworcl  orcl
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cd neworcl/
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ mkdir dpdump
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ mkdir adump
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ ls
adump  dpdump
---adump 存放的是审计信息
--dpdump 存放的是：主要是数据泵的一个目录
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ ls ../orcl
adump  dpdump  pfile  wallet
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$
---切换$ORACLE_BASE 目录下
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls
neworcl  orcl
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin  cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  fast_recovery_area  oradata  product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$
###在 闪回恢复区  fast_recovery_area   文件夹中创建2个文件夹 neworcl  NEWORCL 
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin  cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  fast_recovery_area  oradata  product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd fast_recovery_area/
[oracle@localhost fast_recovery_area]$ ls
orcl  ORCL
[oracle@localhost fast_recovery_area]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
[oracle@localhost fast_recovery_area]$ mkdir NEWORCL
[oracle@localhost fast_recovery_area]$ ls
NEWORCL  orcl  ORCL
[oracle@localhost fast_recovery_area]$ mkdir neworcl
[oracle@localhost fast_recovery_area]$ ls
neworcl  NEWORCL  orcl  ORCL
[oracle@localhost fast_recovery_area]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
[oracle@localhost fast_recovery_area]$
###在 oradate 目录下 创建 neworcl 目录 
[oracle@localhost fast_recovery_area]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
[oracle@localhost fast_recovery_area]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin  cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  fast_recovery_area  oradata  product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd oradata/
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls
orcl  PROD1
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ mkdir neworcl
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls
neworcl  orcl  PROD1
[oracle@localhost oradata]$
##创建目的是用来存放：数据文件和日志文件和控制文件
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd neworcl/
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$

2：指定数据库的ORACLE_SIE=neworcl

[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ exp
exp     expand  expdp   expdpO  expO    export  expr
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ export ORACLE_SID=neworcl

[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ echo $ORACLE_SID         

neworcl

[oracle@localhost neworcl]$

3: 创建一个参数文件 initneworcl.ora  并 创建口令文件 orapwneworcl 及其数据用户密码为 oracle

##切换到oracle的家目录
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ cd ../../product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$
# 利用init.oracl 文件来创建 initneworcl.ora 初始化参数文件
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
dbsorapwPROD1  hc_orcl.dat  hc_PROD1.dat  init.ora  initorcl.ora  initPROD1.ora  lkORCL  lkPROD1  my.dbf  orapworcl  spfileorcl.ora  spfilePROD1.ora  tem.dbf
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat init.ora | grep -v ^# > initneworcl.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
dbsorapwPROD1  hc_PROD1.dat     init.ora      initPROD1.ora  lkPROD1  orapworcl       spfilePROD1.ora
hc_orcl.dat    initneworcl.ora  initorcl.ora  lkORCL         my.dbf   spfileorcl.ora  tem.dbf
[oracle@localhost dbs]$
#修改 neworcl 的静态参数文件信息： initneworcl.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ vi initneworcl.ora

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initneworcl.ora

#指定数据库名称
db_name='NEWORCL'
#指定数据库内存大小
memory_target=300m
#指定数据库进程数
processes = 150
#指定数据库审计的位置
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/neworcl/adump'
#指定审计的级别： db 为数据库级别 
audit_trail ='db'
#指定数据库块的大小
db_block_size=8192
#数据库域的名称
db_domain=''
#闪回恢复区的位置
db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
#闪回恢复区的大小 
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
#adi 的目录 ；组件的资料库
diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
# 协议
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
#游标的个数
open_cursors=300
#使用口令文件的方式
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
#undo 表空间的名称 
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
#控制文件：
control_files = ('/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/neworcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/control02.ctl')
#数据库版本 
compatible ='11.2.0.3.0'
[oracle@localhost dbs]$
#创建口令文件  orapwneworcl
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
dbsorapwPROD1  hc_PROD1.dat     init.ora      initPROD1.ora  lkPROD1  orapworcl       spfilePROD1.ora
hc_orcl.dat    initneworcl.ora  initorcl.ora  lkORCL         my.dbf   spfileorcl.ora  tem.dbf
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwneworcl password=oracle
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
dbsorapwPROD1  hc_PROD1.dat     init.ora      initPROD1.ora  lkPROD1  orapwneworcl  spfileorcl.ora   tem.dbf
hc_orcl.dat    initneworcl.ora  initorcl.ora  lkORCL         my.dbf   orapworcl     spfilePROD1.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$

4:处理数据库启动的时候：ORA-01078, LRM-00123错误 ；原因是：

原来在initneworcl.ora 的文件, 我自己在注释部分加入了中文.

不能有中文呀, 连注释都不行.

同时修改了 initneworcl.ora 文件的数据库名称为小写

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba;

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Jun 7 22:53:23 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS@neworcl> startup nomount;
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00123: invalid character 135 found in the input file
SYS@neworcl> quit
Disconnected
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
neworcl
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initneworcl.ora

#指定数据库名称
db_name='neworcl'
#指定数据库内存大小
memory_target=300m
#指定数据库进程数
processes = 150
#指定数据库审计的位置
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/neworcl/adump'
#指定审计的级别： db 为数据库级别 
audit_trail ='db'
#指定数据库块的大小
db_block_size=8192
#数据库域的名称
db_domain=''
#闪回恢复区的位置
db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
#闪回恢复区的大小 
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
#adi 的目录 ；组件的资料库
diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
# 协议
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
#游标的个数
open_cursors=300
#使用口令文件的方式
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
#undo 表空间的名称 
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
#控制文件：
control_files = ('/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/neworcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/control02.ctl')
#数据库版本 
compatible ='11.2.0.3.0'
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ export $ORACLE_SID =neworcl
-bash: export: `=neworcl': not a valid identifier
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ export $ORACLE_SID=neworcl
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
neworcl
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba;

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Jun 7 22:56:44 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS@neworcl> startup nomount;
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00123: invalid character 135 found in the input file
SYS@neworcl> quit
Disconnected
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls
dbsorapwPROD1  hc_PROD1.dat     init.ora      initPROD1.ora  lkPROD1  orapwneworcl  spfileorcl.ora   tem.dbf
hc_orcl.dat    initneworcl.ora  initorcl.ora  lkORCL         my.dbf   orapworcl     spfilePROD1.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ vi initneworcl.ora

#指定数据库名称
#指定数据库内存大小
#指定数据库进程数
#指定数据库审计的位置
#指定审计的级别： db 为数据库级别 
#指定数据库块的大小
#数据库域的名称
#闪回恢复区的位置
#闪回恢复区的大小 
#adi 的目录 ；组件的资料库
# 协议
#游标的个数
#使用口令文件的方式
#undo 表空间的名称 

db_name='neworcl'
memory_target=300m
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/neworcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = ('/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/neworcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/control02.ctl')
compatible ='11.2.0.3.0'
~
"initneworcl.ora" 17L, 561C written
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba;

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Jun 7 22:58:08 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS@neworcl> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  313860096 bytes
Fixed Size                  1344652 bytes
Variable Size             209718132 bytes
Database Buffers           96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers                6328320 bytes
SYS@neworcl> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initneworcl.ora

db_name='neworcl'
memory_target=300m
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/neworcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = ('/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/neworcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/control02.ctl')
compatible ='11.2.0.3.0'
[oracle@localhost dbs]$

5：创建数据库，并检测数据创建情况

---进入sqlplus --启动数据库进入nomount状态--创建数据库
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba;

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Jun 7 23:03:38 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS@neworcl> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  313860096 bytes
Fixed Size                  1344652 bytes
Variable Size             209718132 bytes
Database Buffers           96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers                6328320 bytes
SYS@neworcl> select instance_name ,status from v$intance;
select instance_name ,status from v$intance
                                  *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01219: database not open: queries allowed on fixed tables/views only


SYS@neworcl> select instance_name ,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
neworcl          STARTED

SYS@neworcl> CREATE DATABASE neworcl
  2     LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  3             GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  4             GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
  5     MAXLOGFILES 5
  6     MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
  7     MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  8     MAXDATAFILES 100
  9     CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
 10     NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
 11     EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
 12     DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
 13     SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
 14     DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
 15        DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/users01.dbf'
 16        SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
 17     DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
 18        TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/temp01.dbf'
 19        SIZE 20M REUSE
 20     UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1
 21        DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/undotbs01.dbf'
 22        SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

Database created.

SYS@neworcl>

新开一个窗口，来查看数据库创建的这些情况：

[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ ls
control02.ctl  redo01a.log  redo01b.log  redo02a.log  redo02b.log  redo03a.log  redo03b.log  sysaux01.dbf  system01.dbf
[oracle@localhost neworcl]$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/neworcl/neworcl/trace/alert_neworcl.log
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dfmap.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/denv.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/drac.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsec.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/doptim.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dobj.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/djava.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dpart.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/drep.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/daw.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dsummgt.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dtools.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dexttab.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/ddm.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/dlmnr.bsq
processing ?/rdbms/admin/ddst.bsq
Thu Jun 07 23:19:56 2018
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Starting background process SMCO
Thu Jun 07 23:19:56 2018
SMCO started with pid=20, OS id=4736
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Starting background process QMNC
Thu Jun 07 23:19:58 2018
QMNC started with pid=21, OS id=4738
Completed: CREATE DATABASE neworcl
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/neworcl/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

6：运行新的数据库脚本：

image

@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql 
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
EXIT
SYS@neworcl>
SYS@neworcl> -- End of pupbld.sql
----当手工建库的脚本执行完毕后，查看数据库的状态：此时数据库的状态已经为 open  

SYS@neworcl> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
OPEN

1 row selected.

SYS@neworcl>

7：当打开一个新的shh窗口的时候；进入 新建的数据库 neworcl 时的操作方法

Last login: Thu Jun  7 22:35:12 2018 from 192.168.242.1
[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin


export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
orcl
[oracle@localhost ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=neworcl
[oracle@localhost ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
neworcl
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba;

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Jun 7 23:45:30 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SYS@neworcl> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
neworcl          OPEN

SYS@neworcl>
SYS@neworcl> ho ps -ef | grep orc
oracle    4430     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_neworcl
oracle    4432     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_neworcl
oracle    4435     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_neworcl
oracle    4439     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_neworcl
oracle    4441     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_neworcl
oracle    4443     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_neworcl
oracle    4446     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_neworcl
oracle    4448     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_neworcl
oracle    4450     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:02 ora_dbw0_neworcl
oracle    4452     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:14 ora_lgwr_neworcl
oracle    4455     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_neworcl
oracle    4457     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_neworcl
oracle    4459     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_neworcl
oracle    4461     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_neworcl
oracle    4463     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_neworcl
oracle    4465     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_neworcl
oracle    4467     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_neworcl
oracle    4736     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_smco_neworcl
oracle    4738     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_neworcl
oracle    4746     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_neworcl
oracle    4800     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_neworcl
oracle    4900  4899  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 oracleneworcl (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle    4909     1  0 Jun07 ?        00:00:00 ora_q002_neworcl
oracle    4942     1  0 00:00 ?        00:00:00 ora_w000_neworcl
oracle    5025     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle    5027     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle    5029     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle    5033     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle    5035     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle    5037     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle    5039     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle    5041     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle    5043     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle    5045     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle    5047     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle    5049     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle    5051     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle    5053     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle    5055     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle    5057     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle    5059     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle    5083     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc0_orcl
oracle    5085     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc1_orcl
oracle    5087     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc2_orcl
oracle    5089     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle    5105     1  0 00:02 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle    5107     1  0 00:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_vkrm_orcl
oracle    5109     1  0 00:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle    5111     1  0 00:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
oracle    5155     1  0 00:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_smco_orcl
oracle    5157     1  0 00:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_w000_orcl
oracle    5183  4899  0 00:11 pts/3    00:00:00 /bin/bash -c ps -ef | grep orc
oracle    5185  5183  0 00:11 pts/3    00:00:00 grep orc

SYS@neworcl>

三：查看内存信息

SYS@orcl> desc v$memory_dynamic_components
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 COMPONENT                                          VARCHAR2(64)
 CURRENT_SIZE                                       NUMBER
 MIN_SIZE                                           NUMBER
 MAX_SIZE                                           NUMBER
 USER_SPECIFIED_SIZE                                NUMBER
 OPER_COUNT                                         NUMBER
 LAST_OPER_TYPE                                     VARCHAR2(13)
 LAST_OPER_MODE                                     VARCHAR2(9)
 LAST_OPER_TIME                                     DATE
 GRANULE_SIZE                                       NUMBER

SYS@orcl> col COMPONENT for a30;
SYS@orcl> set linesize 300;

SYS@orcl> select COMPONENT ,CURRENT_SIZE/1024/1024 , MAX_SIZE/1024/1024  from v$memory_dynamic_components ;

COMPONENT                      CURRENT_SIZE/1024/1024 MAX_SIZE/1024/1024
------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------
shared pool                                       180                180
large pool                                          4                  4
java pool                                           4                  4
streams pool                                        4                  4
SGA Target                                        328                328
DEFAULT buffer cache                               96                 96
KEEP buffer cache                                   0                  0
RECYCLE buffer cache                                0                  0
DEFAULT 2K buffer cache                            16                 16
DEFAULT 4K buffer cache                             0                  0
DEFAULT 8K buffer cache                             0                  0

COMPONENT                      CURRENT_SIZE/1024/1024 MAX_SIZE/1024/1024
------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------
DEFAULT 16K buffer cache                           16                 16
DEFAULT 32K buffer cache                            0                  0
Shared IO Pool                                      0                  0
PGA Target                                        172                184
ASM Buffer Cache                                    0                  0

16 rows selected.

SYS@orcl>

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/ios9/p/9152965.html