528. Random Pick with Weight index的随机发生器

[抄题]:

Given an array w of positive integers, where w[i] describes the weight of index i, write a function pickIndex which randomly picks an index in proportion to its weight.

Note:

  1. 1 <= w.length <= 10000
  2. 1 <= w[i] <= 10^5
  3. pickIndex will be called at most 10000 times.

Example 1:

Input: 
["Solution","pickIndex"]
[[[1]],[]]
Output: [null,0]

Example 2:

Input: 
["Solution","pickIndex","pickIndex","pickIndex","pickIndex","pickIndex"]
[[[1,3]],[],[],[],[],[]]
Output: [null,0,1,1,1,0]

 [暴力解法]:

时间分析:

空间分析:

 [优化后]:

时间分析:

空间分析:

[奇葩输出条件]:

[奇葩corner case]:

[思维问题]:

不知道怎么找index

[英文数据结构或算法,为什么不用别的数据结构或算法]:

二分查找index,最后还要在区间内讨论 区间的讨论需要带等号,从而返回一个整数

[一句话思路]:

把index和数字对应起来:在weightsum数组里搜索随机生成的weightsum,然后返回位置。

[输入量]:空: 正常情况:特大:特小:程序里处理到的特殊情况:异常情况(不合法不合理的输入):

[画图]:

[一刷]:

找index的二分要考虑相等的情况, 此时end = mid

[二刷]:

[三刷]:

[四刷]:

[五刷]:

  [五分钟肉眼debug的结果]:

[总结]:

把index和数字对应起来:在weightsum数组里搜索随机生成的weightsum,然后返回位置。

[复杂度]:Time complexity: O(n) Space complexity: O(n)

[算法思想:迭代/递归/分治/贪心]:

[关键模板化代码]:

[其他解法]:

[Follow Up]:

[LC给出的题目变变变]:

 [代码风格] :

 [是否头一次写此类driver funcion的代码] :

 [潜台词] :

class Solution {
    Random random;
    int[] w;

    public Solution(int[] w) {
        //change the w to weightedsum
        this.random = random;
        for (int i = 1; i < w.length; i++) {
            w[i] += w[i - 1];
        }
        this.w = w;
    }
    
    public int pickIndex() {
        //initilization
        int start = 0; int end = w.length - 1;
        int randomSum = random.nextInt(w[w.length - 1]) + 1;
        
        //search for a range
        while (start + 1 < end) {
            int mid = start + (end - start) / 2;
            if (w[mid] == randomSum) {
                end = mid;
            }
            if (w[mid] > randomSum) {
                end = mid;
            }if (w[mid] < randomSum) {
                start = mid;}
        }
        
        //search for the position
        if (randomSum <= w[start]) return start;
        else if (randomSum > w[end]) return end + 1;
        else if (randomSum <= w[end]) return end;
        
        return -1;
    }
}

/**
 * Your Solution object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * Solution obj = new Solution(w);
 * int param_1 = obj.pickIndex();
 */
View Code
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/immiao0319/p/9520439.html